The document defines and provides examples of different types of political geography terms including compact states, elongated states, fragmented states, microstates, perforated states, protruded states, buffer states, landlocked states, enclaves, exclaves, and the east/west and north/south divides. It describes the key characteristics of each term, such as a compact state having a roughly circular territory with equal distance to the center, an elongated state being long and narrow, and a buffer state being a small country between two larger powers.