Social Studies

1. CIVIL WAR
The Nation Splits

2. Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln: Illinois. Republican
• Stephen Douglas: Illinois. Northern Democrat
• John Breckinridge: Kentucky. Southern
Democrat
• John Bell: Tennessee. Confederate Union. Was
a former Whig/Moderate

4. Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln WINS!!
• Gets almost all the NORTH votes.
• Gets NONE of the Southern votes
– Not even on the Southern ballots!
• Southerners were very angry he won election
– “Abolitionist in the White House”
– “Lost their Voice in government”

5. Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln WINS!!
• Gets almost all the NORTH votes.
• Gets NONE of the Southern votes
– Not even on the Southern ballots!
• Southerners were very angry he won election
– “Abolitionist in the White House”
– “Lost their Voice in government”

6. Secession
• John Crittenden: Kentucky Senator. Attempts
to heal the nation with an “Unamendable”
Amendment that would guarantee the right
to own slaves in the South.
• South Carolina is first to SECEDE [leave the
Union]!

7. Secession
• John Crittenden: Kentucky Senator. Attempts
to heal the nation with an “Unamendable”
Amendment that would guarantee the right
to own slaves in the South.
• South Carolina is first to SECEDE [leave the
Union]!

8. Secession
• “It is the right of the people to alter or to
abolish a government that denies the rights of
its citizens” Declaration of Independence

9. Secession
• “It is the right of the people to alter or to
abolish a government that denies the rights of
its citizens” Declaration of Independence

10. Confederacy
• Convention: Southern states meet in
Montgomery, Alabama to create a nation
• Confederate States of America: Southern
nation
• Jefferson Davis [Mississippi]: Elected
President

11. Confederacy
• Convention: Southern states meet in
Montgomery, Alabama to create a nation
• Confederate States of America: Southern
nation
• Jefferson Davis [Mississippi]: Elected
President

12. Confederacy
• Convention: Southern states meet in
Montgomery, Alabama to create a nation
• Confederate States of America: Southern
nation
• Jefferson Davis [Mississippi]: Elected
President

13. Jefferson Davis

14. Lincoln
• Abraham Lincoln speaks to the nation
• Goals
– Preserve the Union: Claimed secession was
unconstitutional
– Avoid War: Claimed he would NOT declare war on
the South. War would only happen if the South
started it

15. Fort Sumter
• South SEIZES military forts located in their
region
• Confederate soldiers attacked and bombed
Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
• The war has begun!

16. Fort Sumter
• South SEIZES military forts located in their
region
• Confederate soldiers attacked and bombed
Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
• The war has begun!

18. Civil War
• Four years long
– “Brother against Brother”
• More Americans died in this conflict than any
other American war
• Martial Law: Lincoln declared the army was in
control, not government. Did this to keep the
peace and stop protests
• “Rich Mans War…Poor Mans Fight!”
– Only poor people were drafted into the fighting

19. Civil War
• NORTH:
• South were traitors
• Many Northern volunteers showed up to fight
– Wanted to preserve the Union
• Copperheads: Northerner who SUPPORTED
the South. They were NOT well-liked

20. Civil War
• NORTH:
• South were traitors
• Many Northern volunteers showed up to fight
– Wanted to preserve the Union
• Copperheads: Northerner who SUPPORTED
the South. They were NOT well-liked

21. Civil War
• SOUTH
• Believed they had the right to secede
• Many willingly wanted to fight for their
independence and way of life
• Problems: The new Southern nation struggled
to stay together
– Did NOT want to pay taxes
– Georgia threatened to secede from the South!

23. Civil War
• BORDER STATES
• 1861: 8 SLAVE states that were technically
located in the NORTH!
• Confederate States: Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee & Arkansas
• Union: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky &
Missouri

25. Strategy
• NORTH
• Naval Blockade: Stop trade and cripple
southern economy
• Invade South: Attack and take Richmond
[South Capital]
• Invade West: Take control of Mississippi River

26. Strategy
• SOUTH
• Defensive War: Wait for North to attack then
defend themselves
• European Money: Borrow money from
Europe nations that traded with them

27. Strategy
• “Our men must prevail in combat…or they will
lose their property, country, freedom…in
short, they will lose everything” Jefferson
Davis

28. BATTLES
• AT SEA
– Union/North: Blockaded southern ports
– Confederacy/South: Used “Blockade Runners” to
escape
• Iron-clad Ships:
– Merrimack: Southern Ship. Was an abandoned
old northern ship
– Monitor: Northern ship, was faster and stronger
than the Merrimack

30. BATTLES
• Battle of Bull Run: 1st Major battle of the war
• South wins in an upset!!
• “Stonewall” Jackson: Very tough Southern
general leads them to victory.
• George McClellan: Northern commander.
Cautious, lazy and unorganized

32. Battles
• Battle of Antietam: South ties in Maryland
• General Robert E. Lee: Leads South
• Gen. George McClellan: Fails to capture and
win this battle in spite of having Lee’s battle
plans. Lincoln FIRES HIM!
• Ambrose Burnside: Replaces him as
Commander of the Union Army

33. Ambrose
Burnside

34. Battles
• Battle of Fredricksburg: Northern Army
attacks Robert E. Lee 6 times, and fails each
time.
• Battle out West: Northern general Ulysses S.
Grant defeats the Southern leaders in
Tennessee and takes control of the important
Mississippi River

37. Battles
• Battle of Shiloh: The bloodiest battle of the
war
• General Grant: Defeats the South with help
from reinforcements
– This win begins to break the Southern morale

39. Battles
• Battle of Chancellorsville: South wins!
• General Lee & Jackson: Outsmart the North
again and again.
• General Jackson: Accidentally shot and killed
by his own troops who thought he was a
Northern soldier

40. Battles
• Battle of Vicksburg: Mississippi
• General Grant: Now the Commander of the
Union Army.
• Uses Total War to take control of Mississippi
River & Port Hudson

42. Battles
• Battle of Gettysburg: Lee marched North to
Pennsylvania.
• Gen. George Meade [North]: Meets Lee head
on in a huge open field.
– 400,000 soldiers die in this battle, all of the dead
are buried there.

43. War Ends
• Gen. William Sherman: Burns Atlanta [Total
War]
• Richmond Falls
• Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at
the Appomattox Courthouse [Virginia].
• The war is OVER!

44. Women in the War
• Nurses: Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton &
Sojourner Truth [North]. Sally Tompkins
[South]
• Loretta Janeta Velazquez: Fought as a soldier
for the North
• Rose Greenhow: Was a spy for the South

45. Abraham Lincoln
• President
• At 6’4, was the tallest President
• From Illinois
• Hated slavery, thought is was “moral wrong”

46. Abraham Lincoln
• Civil War: 1st goal was to preserve the Union,
no matter what.

47. Lincoln & Slavery
• Wanted to keep slavery from spreading
• 1862
– Freed the slaves with the Emancipation
Proclamation

48. Emancipation Proclamation
• “On the 1st day of January…all persons held as
slaves within any state or…part of a state
whose people are in rebellion against the
United States, shall be then, thenceforward
and forever free” Lincoln