1. Tools for Vulnerability and Multi
Hazard Risk Assessment in the Terai
Eco-region
An Experience of JWAS and HUDEP
(Mahottari & Sunsari)
Dr. Krishna Bahadur Karki
&
Mr. Krishna Prasad Ghimire

2. The eco-region-the Terai
 Similarities in Mahotari and Sunsari
 Terai based region
Climate
Geology
Forest types (Vegetation )
Land use pattern and agriculture system
Degraded Watershed
Seasonal Variability in water flows and flood

3. Differences
 The Koshi River has all the year round flows
only the difference of volume of water

4. Assessment tools
 Use of the tools is the results of the two
workshops organized by UNDP (Chitawan and
Kathmandu) before proceed to the fields-
Reference : Dr. NR Khanal and Dr. D. Gautam
Focused on
Social vulnerability
Economic Vulnerability
Environment vulnerability
Physical vulnerability
 Spatial land analysis

5. Social, physical structures andSocial, physical structures and
capacity mappingcapacity mapping
Approach- Focus Group DiscussionApproach- Focus Group Discussion
(FGD) & Household Survey (HS) with(FGD) & Household Survey (HS) with
set of questionnaires , keyset of questionnaires , key
informant discussion, Livelihoodinformant discussion, Livelihood
trend analysistrend analysis
Hazard and vulnerability mappingHazard and vulnerability mapping
 1:1 Topo sheet (1958) , LRMP1:1 Topo sheet (1958) , LRMP
(1986), FINIDA map 1996 and(1986), FINIDA map 1996 and
compare WITH Google Earthcompare WITH Google Earth
Time series Aerial photographsTime series Aerial photographs
(1990 )(1990 )
 Intensity of Hazards and trendIntensity of Hazards and trend
analysis-Data analyzed in Arc Gisanalysis-Data analyzed in Arc Gis

6. Walk through theWalk through the
vulnerable area withvulnerable area with
other expert, markother expert, mark
the GPS coordinatethe GPS coordinate
points, geology,points, geology,
hydrologist,hydrologist,
watershedwatershed
management experts,management experts,
soil and land usesoil and land use
experts & prepareexperts & prepare
Vulnerable maps,Vulnerable maps,
Land Use maps. GPSLand Use maps. GPS
coordinates analyzedcoordinates analyzed
in ArcGis Programin ArcGis Program

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8. Historical profile of the community – pastHistorical profile of the community – past
disasters (such as loss and frequencydisasters (such as loss and frequency
mapping), gradual changes in the societalmapping), gradual changes in the societal
structures and risk profiles of the communitystructures and risk profiles of the community

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10. o Flood calculated following empiricalFlood calculated following empirical
formulae developed by WECSformulae developed by WECS
The 2 year and 100 year returned period Q2 and Q100 flood is calculated From the following equation.
Q2 =1.8767*(Area below 3000 m )0.8783
Q100=14.630 *(Area below3000 m)0.7342
The 50 year flood is then calculated using the following formula
Q50 =e (InQ2 + In S*2.054)
where In S= In (Q100/Q2 )/2.326
Calculation of Q50 at Maisthan:
Q2= 24.700 m3
/s
Q100= 126.154 m3
/s
In S=In (126.154/24.7)/2.326
0.701
Q50=e(InQ2+InS*2.054)
103.53 m3
/s
Calculation of Q50 at Phulbaria:
Q2= 53.502 m3
/s
Q100= 240.715 m3
/s
In S=In (240.715/53,502)/2.326
0.646
Q50=e(InQ2+In S*2.054)
199.71 m3
/s
In addition Erodes-imagine, Geo-reference enhancement were
also tried to use Hazards analysis, flood calculation

11. Sedimentation caused by Koshi flood of
2008 in the downstream VDCs

12. January February March April May June July August September October November December January February
pointed
guard,
water
melon,
Cucumber
rock melon
, Tomato,
bitter
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sponge
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Kentuky
bean,
cowpeas
etc. Nursery
Cauliflow
ers
summer
vegetables
contd..
Proposed cropping pattern for River Bank farming in Sunsari
and Mahottari
Tomato, cabbage, broccoli
River bank farming is very profitable if appropriate water and fertilizer management is done in conducible manner .
For summer vegetable crops the nursery is proposed during winter but are done in a plastic tunnel where temperatures
is raised certain number of days have to be passed on the tunnel. Improved practices of vegetables cultivation, drip irrigation
and integrated nutrients management system needs to be followed. Sand culture techniques of vegetable cultivation has to be
Applied
Seasonal calendars – hazard calendar/climate variability, cultivation & harvestingSeasonal calendars – hazard calendar/climate variability, cultivation & harvesting
calendarcalendar

13. Seasonal Calendar of Mahendranagar VDC
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14. Thank You
Welcome to queries and
suggestions ?????