This document defines and describes different types of presuppositions. It begins by defining a presupposition as something a speaker assumes to be true before making a statement, whereas an entailment is something that logically follows from an utterance. It then lists and describes seven types of presuppositions: potential presuppositions, existential presuppositions, factive presuppositions, lexical presuppositions, structural presuppositions, non-factive presuppositions, and counterfactual presuppositions. For each type, it provides examples to illustrate the meanings.

1. PRESUPPOSITION
IT IS SOMETHING THAT THE SPEAKER ASSUMES TO BE
THE CASE PRIOR TO MAKING AN UTTERANCE.
Entailment
It is something that logically follows from
what is asserted in the utterance.
Sentences, not speakers, hve entailments.
Speakers, not sentences, have
presuppositions

2. TYPES OF PRESUPPOSITIONS
 Potential presuppositions
 Existential presuppositions
 Factive presupposition
 Lexical presupposition
 -Structural presupposition
 A counterfactual presupposition
 Non factive presupposition

3. TYPES
1. Potential presuppositions.:They can only
become actual presuppositions in contexts with
speakers.
2. Existential presuppositions: They are assumed
to be present in possessive constructions and in
any definite noun phrase.
3. Factive presupposition.:The presupposed
information following a verb like 'know' can be
treated as a fact.

4. 4. LEXICAL PRESUPPOSITION:
The use of one form with its asserted meaning is
conventionally interpreted with the presupposition
that another (non-asserted) meaning is
understood. For example: someone 'managed' to
do something; in this case the presupposition is
related to the fact that the person was successful
in doing so. In the following sentence: someone
'didn't manage' to do something, the asserted
meaning is related to the fact that the person
didn't succeed, the non-asserted meaning is
related to the fact that the person tried.

5. 5. STRUCTURAL PRESUPPOSITION:
 Certain sentence structures have been analyzed as
conventionally and regularly presupposing that part
of the structure is already assumed to be true. For
example: in the question Where did he leave? the
presupposition is that 'he left'.

6. 6. NON FACTIVE PRESUPPOSITION
It is one that is assumed not to be
true. The verbs imagine and
dream are used in those cases.
For example: I imagined that I was
in Hawai; I dreamed that I was
rich.

7. 7. A COUNTERFACTUAL PRESUPPOSITION
 In this case NOT ONLY what is presupposed is not
true but it is the opposite of what is true. The use of
second conditionals are examples of a
counterfactual presupposition

8. NASEEM ULLAH
ROLL NO 3124
2ND SEMESTER
LAHORE LEADS UNIVERSITY