2. • Importance of sugar industry.
Provides work for about 0.5 million people.
More than 50 million sugarcane growers and
their dependents are directly related to the
sugar industry.
Highest consumer – around 23 million tonnes.
Demand in 2020 – around 30-31 million tonnes
Incremental rise – around 4% per annum.
In 2012-13, 526 mills in operation.
Production around 25 million tonnes.
Limitation on area expansion.
• Production of ethanol – around 2.5 billion liters.
• Potential – 7500 MW of green power.
Facts and Figures
4. • Turnover – Rs.800 billion
• Dependency of farmers, labour and
consumers
• 65% of sugar consumed by bulk consumers
• Higher potential for
Employment
Renewable and eco-friendly raw material
Sugarcane – Most efficient converter of
solar energy into sugar
• Contributor to a stable economy.
Dimensions and Dynamics
5. • Diminishing or stagnant yield and recovery.
• Diversion of sugarcane area to other
competitive crops.
• Fluctuations in production due to inherent
cyclic nature.
• Water availability for irrigation.
• Small and marginal land holdings.
• Limitations in mechanized farming.
Challenges
• Fixation of cane price
• Export and import
• Ethanol blending programme
Government Policies
6. • The renewable eco-friendly raw material –
enormous scope for harnessing and
development of value added products.
• Additional income generation and
employment.
• Entire biomass from sugarcane including
leaves and tops are being intensively
investigated for profitable utilization.
• To provide economic stability to industry &
growers and consistent supply of products
to consumers.
• Substantial scope for saving in foreign
exchange.
Why emphasis on R & D
7. • India - 0.87%
• Brazil - 1.17%
• Russian Federation - 1.25%
• China - 1.70%
• South Africa - 0.93%
• Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Mexico - less than 0.5%
• Most of the developed countries spend more
than 2% of their GDP on R & D.
Expenditure of R & D on GDP
8. • Gross expenditure on R & D is driven by the
Government sector comprising of –
Central Government – 54.4%
State Governments – 7.3%
Higher Education – 4.1%
Public Sector Industries – 5.3%
Private Sector Industries – 28.9%
Expenditure on R & D in India
9. • In Industrial R & D,
Drugs and Pharmaceutical – 27.7%
Transportation – 14%
Information Technology -13.6%
Defence Industries – 6.1%
Expenditure on R & D in India
10. • Industrial sector spent 0.61% of their sales
turnover on R & D activities. For Private
sector – 0.27% and Public sector – 0.82%
• Applying this formula to sugar industry, our
expenditure on R & D should be around
Rs. 4.4 billion
• R & D expenditure of Brazil in sugar sector is
of US$ 1.7 billion (Rs. 105.4billion)
Indian investment in R & D (2009-10)
11. • Leading Institutes in sugarcane research (ICAR)
Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI),
Coimbatore
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
(IISR), Lucknow
• Organizations engaged in developing sugarcane
and sugarbeet varieties
UP Government Federation
State Agriculture Universities
• Institutes engaged in R & D activities related to
processing of sugarcane, ethanol, co-generation
and by-products
National Sugar Institute
Vasantdada Sugar Institute
Praj Industries Ltd.
R & D Organizations in sugar sector
12. • Sugarcane Development Fund (SDF), Govt. of India
Soft loan assistance for agriculture, plant
expansion and modernization of sugar mills.
Grants for research projects.
• Project based funding from Govt. organizations
Indian Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR)
Department of Science & Technology (DST)
Department of Bio-technology (DBT)
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
Funding agencies
13. PROSPECTS IN SUGARCANE AGRICULTURE
Wide gap between the potential yield
and actual yield realized
600
355
125
66
84
57
105
Potential of Cane yield Cane Harvested by some farmers
Research farm cane yields Average of India
Average of Maharashtra Average of Uttar Pradesh
Average of Tamilnadu
14. Varietal development
Planting and harvesting programme
Seed replacement programme
Soil fertility and integrated nutrient management
Use of microbial inoculants
Micro irrigation and fertigation
Strengthening research on mechanization
Plant protection through bio-control agents
Ratoon management
HRD and extension mechanism
Sugarcane Agriculture – R & D Priorities
15. Varietal Development
SBI Coimbatore is the premier Institute in the country working
for the development of varieties.
Recently VSI has established Sugarcane Breeding Centre at
Amboli, Dist. Sindhudurg in Maharashtra.
Sugarcane Breeding Centre, Amboli
16. Seed Multiplication and Replacement
Plant Cane (60%)
6 lakh ha
Ratoon (40%)
4 lakh ha
Seed Replacement on
2 lakh ha (1/3)
Certified Seed Requirement on
13300 ha
Foundation Seed Requirement
on 670 ha
Total area under sugarcane
10.00 lakh ha
Production of 33.50 lakh
Tissue culture plantlets
Breeder Seed 55 ha
Breeder Seed Programme
17. Advantages of Tissue-culture Technique
• Genetic purity
• Faster rate of multiplication
• Higher seed multiplication ratio
• Disease and pest free
• Quick & Higher (95-98%) germination
• Early establishment
• Uniform maturity
• Increase in cane yield by 20-25%
18. Soil Fertility and Integrated Nutrient Management
I) Organic Manuring
Bio-compost production at sugar mill site
Implementation of Green manuring practice
II) Establish soil testing laboratory
III) Foliar application of multi micronutrients
IV) Use of bio-fertilizers in sugarcane
V) Reclamation of salt affected soils
Use of microbial inoculants
Azotobacter & Rhizobium Glucanoacetobacter bioinoculant
Phosphate Solublizing culture Sulphur Oxidizing bioinoculant
Silicon solublizers Potash mobilizers
Micronutrients mobilizers Consortia of endophytic bioinoculants
Decomposing cultures Growth promoting/Antimicrobial ability
19. Efficient Water Management in Sugarcane
Extensive research work on micro irrigation techniques
Drip irrigation - Irrigation water 45 to 50%
Increase in cane yield by 25 to 30%
WUE 2 to 2.5 times more
Raingun sprinkler - Irrigation saving 30 to 35%
Increase in cane yield 15 to 20%
WUE1.50 to 2.00 times more
20. Urgent requirement of mechanization for
• Planting
• Inter-culturing operations
• Harvesting
Mechanization in Sugarcane
21. Important Pests in sugarcane - Early shoot borer, internode borer, top
borer, root borer, woolly aphid, white fly, termites, white grub and rodents
Important diseases- Whip smut, Grassy shoot, Pokkah boeng, Rust,
Wilt, Pinnaple, Leaf spot, Brown spot
More emphasis on Biological Control Measures
Integrated Pest and Disease Management
22. Ratoon cane: 45 to 50% of total area under sugarcane
Ratoon cane productivity: less by 25 to 30 t/ha than plant cane
Ratoon Management Techniques
Trash mulching
Stubble shaving
Off barring
Gap filling
Foliar application of micronutrients
Bio-fertilizer applications
Ratoon Management
23. • Manpower
• HRD Infrastructure
• Training Facilities
• Field demonstrations
Strengthening HRD and Extension Mechanism
24. • Use of membrane filtration in sugar industry.
• Product diversification and improved sugar
quality – VVHP raw sugar.
• Reduction in steam consumption.
• Cane sampler
Thrust areas for R & D
Sugar Processing
25. • Product diversification and improved sugar
quality
Replacement of sulphitation process by
defecation
Use of concentrated defecated syrup for
bakery industries
Production of Very Very High Pol (VVHP) raw
sugar below 500 IU and its use for direct
human consumption
Use of VVHP sugar for refined sugar
production
SUGAR PROCESSING
26. • Reduction in steam consumption
Many sugar mills in India have been
successful in reducing steam consumption
from 45% to 38-40%.
Some sugar mills reduced steam
consumption up to 36% on cane.
In near future, steam consumption can
practically be reduced below 27% on cane
by saving through waste heat recovery.
Contd..
28. Gasification
Second & Third Generation Ethanol
Ethanol from alternate sugar processing
intermediates
Bio-methanation of concentrated spent wash
Other important R & D projects for
sugar sector
29. Gasification is a process to produce syngas (CO+H2)
from biomass.
Syngas can be converted into various value added
products.
Commercial scale thermal gasification plant (SW+PMC)
is under erection at Kopargaon co-operative sugar mill
in Maharashtra (India).
Advantages:
1. Zero discharge/zero pollution
2. Valuable syngas generation
30. Particulars Power generation- KW/T bagasse
Conventional system Gasification route
Complete biomass
use for power
generation KW/T cane
145 240
Captive power
consumption KW/T
cane
35 35
Net surplus power
KW/T cane
110 210
Bagasse can be thermally gasified to syngas and syngas
can be used for the generation of power.
By conventional co-generation route used in sugar mills,
110 Kwh power can be generated from one tonne of cane,
whereas through thermal gasification route power
generation can be almost doubled
31. Biomass Gasification Syngas
Syngas Gas Fermentation Ethanol
Emerging technology: Wide variety
of biomass can be used including
lignin content, which is usually
difficult to break down and not
utilized via bio-chemical route.
Expected to give maximum yield of
more than 400 liters per tonne of
biomass.
Lowest cost of production than
ethanol production by other routes.
VSI is working on this route.
33. Cellulosic ethanol fermentation using genetically
modified microorganisms is under investigation.
Use of genetically modified microorganisms for
production of ethanol and other value added
products like hydrogen, bio-butanol, is also
interesting and extremely potential area for R & D
activities.
VSI has started activities in this direction.
Amyris (Brazil): Sugarcane juice to diesel
(genetically modified yeast).
34. Biogas based Compress Natural Gas (CNG)
production (First plant is now operating in one of the
member distillery of VSI)
Bio-butanol production.
Lactic acid production by fermentation route
Development of thermotolerant yeast for alcoholic
fermentation
Development of Very High Gravity fermenting yeast
for alcoholic fermentation
35. To make the industry globally competitive,
the industry must be able to innovate
putting in investment in R & D.
There should be constant interaction and
effective coordination between the industry
and research organizations.
There is urgent need to create a separate
fund for providing financial assistance for
R & D activities in sugar sector.
CONCLUSION
36. All research organizations need to
coordinate their efforts for enhancing future
technologies in every field and to avoid
duplication of research activities.
All stakeholders i.e. growers, processors,
consumers and most importantly the
government have to play proactive role to
assure the country to protect the interest of
each stakeholder and make the sector stable,
strong and efficient.
Contd…
