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The elements of
product success
› Nick Myers
  @nickmyer5
What	
  I’ll be talking about




The challenges we face today in software creation
The elements that lead to product success: user insight, design,
organizational effectiveness
Principles, techniques, examples of each element
More customer interactions are now digital
User experiences have improved
Products are now simpler
Expectations are now higher
Expectations are now higher in business
Expectations are constantly being redefined
It’s no longer enough to be intuitive. Competition is fierce.




                                                               www.flickr.com/photos/retrocactus/4949516534/
Brands are being defined by the user experience




                                     As of Dec 2011, Facebook received 2.7
                                     billion likes and comments per day.
Design is more valued
Many companies are now software makers


                                         GE is now the 14th largest
                                         software provider in the world
Old methods and cultures limit product success




Michael Porter’s Value Chain model, a classic business strategy definition of of how
companies should be organized to determine their market competitiveness
How do companies
adapt to these changes
and create amazing
products?
3 elements to product success




   User insight                 Design   Organization
Some companies are good at one, maybe two elements. Few companies have it figured out.
Achieving excellence in all three is a monumental challenge. These are cultural values.
Take notes!




How do you, your teams, your company match up?
What else is critical to success?
User insight
Only a deep understanding of your users will help you create something they love




                                                                                    Insight	
  
                                                                                   Principle	
  
Let’s	
  look	
  at	
  an	
  organiza6on	
  
Many of us are stuck in the middle




                                               Insight	
  
                                                Truth	
  
This was especially true of engineers




                                        Insight	
  
                                         Truth	
  
All the action is happening at the edges of your organization
Effective product teams operate close to the edge




                                                   Insight	
  
                                                    Truth	
  
We need to put people at the center of our thinking. “users” is a dangerous word.




                                                                                    Insight	
  
                                                                                     Truth	
  
How? Seeing how people work helps you understand their needs and goals.




                                                                           Insight	
  
                                                                          Principle	
  
Which leads to designs that support those needs and goals
Understanding people’s needs and context also helps you innovate new products
Traditional business requirements gathering doesn’t reveal people’s latent needs




                                                                                    Insight	
  
                                                                                   Challenge	
  
Why is this method bad? Interviewees have a natural tendency to please the interviewer.
People are terrible at self-reporting and over generalize
Don’t rely on the least-experienced person to guide your product’s vision




“            A lot of times, people don’t
           know what they want until you
                   show it to them.



                                                                                 ”
                                                                            Steve Jobs
Ethnography – the practice of observations and interview
Ethnographic research helps us understand the context and motivations for user behavior
We start with an overview question




What’s a day look like?
 +  Makes it feel less like a survey

 +  Makes you less inclined to ask
    leading questions
                                        Research	
  
                                       Technique	
  
We follow up with “case-focused” questions




                               Tell me about a specific
                               instance when…
                                +  Ask for interviewees to tell stories    Research	
  
                                                                          Technique	
  

                                +  Ask for specific examples
We also look around the room                             Team	
  environment	
  




                                                                  Process	
  flows	
  
                    Workarounds	
  




                                                                      Lots	
  of	
  codes	
  
                                                                     to	
  remember!	
  




                                      Heavy	
  use	
  
                                                                           Research	
  
                                                                          Technique	
  
We ask “why?” a lot. A conversation might go like this…


                                                   Tell me about a part of the
                                                     system that you love.
                    I really love that Starmine
                           analyst rating.
                                                  Why?

                      Because it’s awesome.
                                                   What’s awesome about it?

                     It tells me how good the
                           analyst is. Duh.
                                                   And why is that
                                                       good?
                      Because I need to feel
                    confident when I use their
                            advice .
                                                            Yahtzee!
                                                                                  Research	
  
                                                                                 Technique	
  
We take an interviewer’s mindset: Apprentice




                                                Research	
  
                                               Technique	
  
In the end it’s simple




      Attention to           Simple,       Execution
                                                            Great
       people’s          +   elegant   +    on the     =   products
     needs & goals            ideas         details




                                                                Magic	
  
                                                               Formula	
  
So what do I do with all this research? Personas: The synthesis of user research




                                                                                   Design	
  
                                                                                    Tool	
  
They represent the needs of many




“          The persona is the voice of the
             user, each has a goal. This
            informs lightweight, quickly
                  iterated designs.  



                                             ”
                                      Alan Cooper
Scenarios, the common navigational pathways, bring personas to life




                                                                      Design	
  
                                                                       Tool	
  
Scenarios naturally guide requirements, create more useful software




                                                                        Design	
  
                                                                      Technique	
  
Other noteworthy research methods




Journaling                           Participatory design




User research via web conference     Lightweight user research (street, friends)
At the very least, sketch personas can be based on a set of agreed-upon assumptions
If you can speak with authority about your users you will become an authority
How much do you know about your users?




 +  How much do your teams (esp. designers) know your users?

 +  Do people visit users in their environments often?

 +  Do they use ethnographic techniques?

 +  Do you know what they need and want?

 +  Does your organization have and use personas?

 +  Do you design from their point-of-view?

 +  Do your customers love you and acknowledge that you “get them”?
Design
Design is hard




                 Fact	
  
End results are simple. But simple is hard.
We’re making stuff. All made things take effort.




                                                 Fact	
  
Design takes time. It isn’t tacked on at the end.




                                                    Design	
  
                                                    Truth	
  
We’re all solving problems




                                              Design	
  
                                             Principle	
  
 Roger Martin’s Design of Business
 http://dthsg.com/what-is-design-thinking/
What’s makes designers good? Abductive thinking: imagining what could be possible




                                                                                     Design	
  
                                                                                    Principle	
  
 Roger Martin’s Design of Business
 http://dthsg.com/what-is-design-thinking/
Good designers consider the possibilities




                                             Design	
  
                                            Principle	
  
Good designers are also filled with many design patterns




                    http://www.mobile-patterns.com/
We aren’t magicians, nor artists
We use methods




     Project Charter   User & Domain     Exploration    Framework          Detailed          Development
                          Analysis                        Design            Design           Collaboration




     Stakeholder       Ethnographic    Concept         Scenario-based   Detailed design      Product
     research          interviews      Sketches        design                                stewardship
                                                                        Form & Behavior
     Domain research
                       Service         Interaction     Product          Specification         Design
                       Blueprints      Models          ecosystem                             support
     Experience
                                                       vision
     workshop                                                           Visual style guide
                       User & Domain   Visual                                                Front-end
                       Analysis        Language        User feedback                         development
                                                                        Prototype
                                       Studies
                                                                        refinement
                       Design                          Prototype
                       Imperatives                     development
                                                                        User feedback

                                                                        Front-end
                                                                        development
Figuring out the big ideas first using sketches. They’re cheap.




                                                                  Design	
  
                                                                 Principle	
  
Everyone can participate in idea generation
Great exercise you can do: what are ten ways I could solve this problem?




                                                                             Design	
  
                                                                           Technique	
  
The exploration workshop




                             Design	
  
                           Technique	
  
The more you explore the more we can create novel interactions
We’re aiming for better




“               It’s easy to be different but it’s
                      difficult to be better.




                                                    ”
                                            Jonathan Ive
                                                    Apple
Design should be based on good rationale – great to ask why? a lot here too!




                                                                                 Design	
  
                                                                               Technique	
  
Ideas are best shared as stories
Stories help people imagine how your idea will change their lives or the lives of others




  A character               A trigger that                Journey to
                                                                                     Great story
  we believe          +     sparks a quest          +     resolution         =      (excitement)
   (persona)                  (problem)                   (solution)
Prototyping (aka visualization) is a more sophisticated exploration and storytelling method
Prototyping has become more important as interactions + motion are more pervasive
Prototyping helps you evaluate the design and refine faster
Designers are relentless down to the last detail
Why is this important? Aesthetic products are perceived as easier to use than less-aesthetic products




“          Attractive things work better…
           When you wash and wax a car,
             it drives better, doesn’t it?
           Or at least it feels like it does.


                                                                                    Donald Norman

                                                                                                     ”
                                                Author of the Design of Everyday things and Emotional Design
Rich prototypes are the best way to create excitement and win support
How design-capable are you?




 +  Is design important to your company?

 +  Do you have great designers?

 +  Is design integrated with development?

 +  Are teams generative?

 +  Are there clear design processes that people use?

 +  Do people communicate their design vision?

 +  Do you care about the details before shipping?

 +  Do you sell design with stories and prototypes?
Organization
Hard lesson: You can know your users, do great design, and still fail




Plastic Logic
Que Proreader
Beautiful design
Multiple product delays
Market changes
Competition
Expensive

                                                                        Hard	
  
                                                                        Truth	
  
It takes a great deal to be successful at product success




 +  Leadership

 +  Process

 +  Principles

 +  Tools

 +  People

 +  Education

 +  Collaboration

 +  Communication
Change is hard! Metro has taken years of effort




                                                 Hard	
  
                                                 Truth	
  
P&G VP of Design, Claudia Kotchka said it takes 7 years to affect change
Effective design leadership is more operational




                                                 Opera6on	
  
                                                  Insight	
  
Citrix VP of Product Design spends half her time marketing internally




                                                                        Opera6on	
  
                                                                         Insight	
  
Change: Create small wins. Show results. Share how you did it. Ask for more.




    Small              Show                 Share              Ask for
     win        +     results      +        work         +      more           =   Progress




                                                                                       Opera6on	
  
                                                                                       Technique	
  
Experience workshops open the dialog about what design means
Images bring life to the conversation and guide an ideal experience
Create tools: UI guidelines inspire product teams to adopt a new system
Standards	
  improve	
  the	
  baseline	
  expecta6ons	
  and	
  share	
  design	
  ra6onale	
  
Tool libraries save teams development time, improve consistency and quality
Going further, design principles foster culture change
Principles are now everywhere: UX, HR, training, legal, ID badges
Why design matters




                     Video credit: Energy Energy
The results for Citrix
Design is now one of their top annual objectives
Superpower: Socialize your ideas with individuals to gain support




                                                                    Opera6on	
  
                                                                    Technique	
  
Innovative companies diversify their product strategies




hNp://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/02/0228_inshort/source/5.htm	
  
Only truly innovative companies are willing to disrupt their own business
If you don’t disrupt your product someone else will




hNp://theonbuNon.files.wordpress.com/	
  
New platforms let you leave behind legacy code and start fresh
Prac6ce	
  Fusion	
  has	
  disrupted	
  the	
  healthcare	
  space,	
  now	
  they’re	
  disrup6ng	
  their	
  own	
  products	
  
Prac6ce	
  Fusion’s	
  web-­‐based	
  EMR	
  
Practice Fusion iPad EMR app has disrupted their web software
The design was successful and the prototype excited the crowd
Practice Fusion is managing to achieve success in user insight, design and organizational will
How	
  does	
  your	
  organiza6on	
  measure	
  up?	
  




 +  Does your company have values in design and innovation?
 +  If not, is it willing to change?
 +  Does your leadership value design and product invention?
 +  Do your teams have strong processes that incorporate user involvement
    and design?

 +  Do you attract the talent?
 +  Does your company support risk-taking?
 +  Does your company value quality over deadlines?
A few things to
remember…
A deep understanding of
your users will bring clarity
to your requirements
Great design comes from simple
elegant ideas and an obsessiveness
to execute the details
Small wins with strong
results lead to bigger
opportunities and change
Insight, design, and hard
work can excite your
organization to change
› Continue the conversation…

nick@cooper.com
@nickmyer5
cooper.com/journal
Contact Cooper for strategy + design



 User research, domain    Product strategy and   Interaction design
 Research, and analysis   service strategy       and service design




Visual design             Prototyping and        Education and
and branding              development            mentoring


                                                                 +1 415 267 3500
                                                            business@cooper.com

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The elements of product success for business leaders

  • 1. The elements of product success › Nick Myers @nickmyer5
  • 2. What  I’ll be talking about The challenges we face today in software creation The elements that lead to product success: user insight, design, organizational effectiveness Principles, techniques, examples of each element
  • 3. More customer interactions are now digital
  • 7. Expectations are now higher in business
  • 8. Expectations are constantly being redefined
  • 9. It’s no longer enough to be intuitive. Competition is fierce. www.flickr.com/photos/retrocactus/4949516534/
  • 10. Brands are being defined by the user experience As of Dec 2011, Facebook received 2.7 billion likes and comments per day.
  • 11. Design is more valued
  • 12. Many companies are now software makers GE is now the 14th largest software provider in the world
  • 13. Old methods and cultures limit product success Michael Porter’s Value Chain model, a classic business strategy definition of of how companies should be organized to determine their market competitiveness
  • 14. How do companies adapt to these changes and create amazing products?
  • 15. 3 elements to product success User insight Design Organization
  • 16. Some companies are good at one, maybe two elements. Few companies have it figured out.
  • 17. Achieving excellence in all three is a monumental challenge. These are cultural values.
  • 18. Take notes! How do you, your teams, your company match up? What else is critical to success?
  • 20. Only a deep understanding of your users will help you create something they love Insight   Principle  
  • 21. Let’s  look  at  an  organiza6on   Many of us are stuck in the middle Insight   Truth  
  • 22. This was especially true of engineers Insight   Truth  
  • 23. All the action is happening at the edges of your organization
  • 24. Effective product teams operate close to the edge Insight   Truth  
  • 25. We need to put people at the center of our thinking. “users” is a dangerous word. Insight   Truth  
  • 26. How? Seeing how people work helps you understand their needs and goals. Insight   Principle  
  • 27. Which leads to designs that support those needs and goals
  • 28. Understanding people’s needs and context also helps you innovate new products
  • 29. Traditional business requirements gathering doesn’t reveal people’s latent needs Insight   Challenge  
  • 30. Why is this method bad? Interviewees have a natural tendency to please the interviewer.
  • 31. People are terrible at self-reporting and over generalize
  • 32. Don’t rely on the least-experienced person to guide your product’s vision “ A lot of times, people don’t know what they want until you show it to them. ” Steve Jobs
  • 33. Ethnography – the practice of observations and interview
  • 34. Ethnographic research helps us understand the context and motivations for user behavior
  • 35. We start with an overview question What’s a day look like? +  Makes it feel less like a survey +  Makes you less inclined to ask leading questions Research   Technique  
  • 36. We follow up with “case-focused” questions Tell me about a specific instance when… +  Ask for interviewees to tell stories Research   Technique   +  Ask for specific examples
  • 37. We also look around the room Team  environment   Process  flows   Workarounds   Lots  of  codes   to  remember!   Heavy  use   Research   Technique  
  • 38. We ask “why?” a lot. A conversation might go like this… Tell me about a part of the system that you love. I really love that Starmine analyst rating. Why? Because it’s awesome. What’s awesome about it? It tells me how good the analyst is. Duh. And why is that good? Because I need to feel confident when I use their advice . Yahtzee! Research   Technique  
  • 39. We take an interviewer’s mindset: Apprentice Research   Technique  
  • 40. In the end it’s simple Attention to Simple, Execution Great people’s + elegant + on the = products needs & goals ideas details Magic   Formula  
  • 41. So what do I do with all this research? Personas: The synthesis of user research Design   Tool  
  • 42. They represent the needs of many “ The persona is the voice of the user, each has a goal. This informs lightweight, quickly iterated designs.   ” Alan Cooper
  • 43. Scenarios, the common navigational pathways, bring personas to life Design   Tool  
  • 44. Scenarios naturally guide requirements, create more useful software Design   Technique  
  • 45. Other noteworthy research methods Journaling Participatory design User research via web conference Lightweight user research (street, friends)
  • 46. At the very least, sketch personas can be based on a set of agreed-upon assumptions
  • 47. If you can speak with authority about your users you will become an authority
  • 48. How much do you know about your users? +  How much do your teams (esp. designers) know your users? +  Do people visit users in their environments often? +  Do they use ethnographic techniques? +  Do you know what they need and want? +  Does your organization have and use personas? +  Do you design from their point-of-view? +  Do your customers love you and acknowledge that you “get them”?
  • 50. Design is hard Fact  
  • 51. End results are simple. But simple is hard.
  • 52. We’re making stuff. All made things take effort. Fact  
  • 53. Design takes time. It isn’t tacked on at the end. Design   Truth  
  • 54. We’re all solving problems Design   Principle   Roger Martin’s Design of Business http://dthsg.com/what-is-design-thinking/
  • 55. What’s makes designers good? Abductive thinking: imagining what could be possible Design   Principle   Roger Martin’s Design of Business http://dthsg.com/what-is-design-thinking/
  • 56. Good designers consider the possibilities Design   Principle  
  • 57. Good designers are also filled with many design patterns http://www.mobile-patterns.com/
  • 58. We aren’t magicians, nor artists
  • 59. We use methods Project Charter User & Domain Exploration Framework Detailed Development Analysis Design Design Collaboration Stakeholder Ethnographic Concept Scenario-based Detailed design Product research interviews Sketches design stewardship Form & Behavior Domain research Service Interaction Product Specification Design Blueprints Models ecosystem support Experience vision workshop Visual style guide User & Domain Visual Front-end Analysis Language User feedback development Prototype Studies refinement Design Prototype Imperatives development User feedback Front-end development
  • 60. Figuring out the big ideas first using sketches. They’re cheap. Design   Principle  
  • 61. Everyone can participate in idea generation
  • 62. Great exercise you can do: what are ten ways I could solve this problem? Design   Technique  
  • 63. The exploration workshop Design   Technique  
  • 64. The more you explore the more we can create novel interactions
  • 65. We’re aiming for better “ It’s easy to be different but it’s difficult to be better. ” Jonathan Ive Apple
  • 66. Design should be based on good rationale – great to ask why? a lot here too! Design   Technique  
  • 67. Ideas are best shared as stories
  • 68. Stories help people imagine how your idea will change their lives or the lives of others A character A trigger that Journey to Great story we believe + sparks a quest + resolution = (excitement) (persona) (problem) (solution)
  • 69. Prototyping (aka visualization) is a more sophisticated exploration and storytelling method
  • 70. Prototyping has become more important as interactions + motion are more pervasive
  • 71. Prototyping helps you evaluate the design and refine faster
  • 72. Designers are relentless down to the last detail
  • 73. Why is this important? Aesthetic products are perceived as easier to use than less-aesthetic products “ Attractive things work better… When you wash and wax a car, it drives better, doesn’t it? Or at least it feels like it does. Donald Norman ” Author of the Design of Everyday things and Emotional Design
  • 74. Rich prototypes are the best way to create excitement and win support
  • 75. How design-capable are you? +  Is design important to your company? +  Do you have great designers? +  Is design integrated with development? +  Are teams generative? +  Are there clear design processes that people use? +  Do people communicate their design vision? +  Do you care about the details before shipping? +  Do you sell design with stories and prototypes?
  • 77. Hard lesson: You can know your users, do great design, and still fail Plastic Logic Que Proreader Beautiful design Multiple product delays Market changes Competition Expensive Hard   Truth  
  • 78. It takes a great deal to be successful at product success +  Leadership +  Process +  Principles +  Tools +  People +  Education +  Collaboration +  Communication
  • 79. Change is hard! Metro has taken years of effort Hard   Truth  
  • 80. P&G VP of Design, Claudia Kotchka said it takes 7 years to affect change
  • 81. Effective design leadership is more operational Opera6on   Insight  
  • 82. Citrix VP of Product Design spends half her time marketing internally Opera6on   Insight  
  • 83. Change: Create small wins. Show results. Share how you did it. Ask for more. Small Show Share Ask for win + results + work + more = Progress Opera6on   Technique  
  • 84. Experience workshops open the dialog about what design means
  • 85. Images bring life to the conversation and guide an ideal experience
  • 86. Create tools: UI guidelines inspire product teams to adopt a new system
  • 87. Standards  improve  the  baseline  expecta6ons  and  share  design  ra6onale  
  • 88. Tool libraries save teams development time, improve consistency and quality
  • 89. Going further, design principles foster culture change
  • 90. Principles are now everywhere: UX, HR, training, legal, ID badges
  • 91. Why design matters Video credit: Energy Energy
  • 92. The results for Citrix
  • 93. Design is now one of their top annual objectives
  • 94. Superpower: Socialize your ideas with individuals to gain support Opera6on   Technique  
  • 95. Innovative companies diversify their product strategies hNp://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/02/0228_inshort/source/5.htm  
  • 96. Only truly innovative companies are willing to disrupt their own business
  • 97. If you don’t disrupt your product someone else will hNp://theonbuNon.files.wordpress.com/  
  • 98. New platforms let you leave behind legacy code and start fresh
  • 99. Prac6ce  Fusion  has  disrupted  the  healthcare  space,  now  they’re  disrup6ng  their  own  products  
  • 101. Practice Fusion iPad EMR app has disrupted their web software
  • 102. The design was successful and the prototype excited the crowd
  • 103. Practice Fusion is managing to achieve success in user insight, design and organizational will
  • 104. How  does  your  organiza6on  measure  up?   +  Does your company have values in design and innovation? +  If not, is it willing to change? +  Does your leadership value design and product invention? +  Do your teams have strong processes that incorporate user involvement and design? +  Do you attract the talent? +  Does your company support risk-taking? +  Does your company value quality over deadlines?
  • 105. A few things to remember…
  • 106. A deep understanding of your users will bring clarity to your requirements
  • 107. Great design comes from simple elegant ideas and an obsessiveness to execute the details
  • 108. Small wins with strong results lead to bigger opportunities and change
  • 109. Insight, design, and hard work can excite your organization to change
  • 111. Contact Cooper for strategy + design User research, domain Product strategy and Interaction design Research, and analysis service strategy and service design Visual design Prototyping and Education and and branding development mentoring +1 415 267 3500 business@cooper.com

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. My name is Nick Myers, I’m a managingdirector at Cooper.I’m here to talk about the elements that create product success.
  2. I’m going to first talk about today’s challenging in software creation. Then I’m going to go into depth on the three elements that I’ve observed over the years working at Cooper. And the patterns of behavior that are inherently leading companies to be more successful with their software. I’ll share some techniques we use at Cooper to help companies improve how they create products and increase adoption across teams and organizations.
  3. The digital world has changed at a wicked pace.More customer interactions are now digital. Software serves us everywhere. User experience design influences more of these interactions every day. And a company’s brand sits at the center of this change.
  4. Computers used to be clunky, large, uninviting and complex.
  5. Now we use simpler, more useful products that do some magical things like connecting with people over video chat when we can’t be there in person. The bar has been raised and we’re now living in a future we didn’t imagine possible many years ago.
  6. This is my wife, Caroline and here she is connecting with family and friends in her home town for her own baby shower she couldn’t attend. It was pretty amazing to see her participate in a way that wasn’t imaginable just ten years ago. As a result of these innovations she now has very high standards for these technical products.She hates how TiVo doesn’t record her programs right. Her Dell laptop seems to break all the time. She even hates her iPhone. Whenever her iPhone fails, she blames me. “You designer people need to fix the user experience.” she says or “you need to tell your people.” I kindly remind her that I didn’t invent the iPhone, as much as I’d like to say I did, but she doesn’t care.
  7. It’s not just my wife though.We see it in many industries at Cooper: new professionals entering the field such as doctors, nurses, financial advisors, IT admins, employees in large companies expect more.
  8. This is largely because our expectations are being redefined every day. What was once exceeding our highest expectations are now meeting our basic needs lower in the pyramid. And so we have to now aim higher to create satisfying experiences.
  9. There are now nearly 700,000 apps in the App store and that’s just for oneplatform. Less than 100 of those apps appear on the iTunes homepage at any one time. Unless you have heavy investment you need a great product with a great user experience to be noticed.
  10. As more customer interactions become digital we have greater influence on the brand perception. And if that experience is handled well, it can become a key factor in elevating your brand. If you’re creating software for internal use, the experience is representing user’s perceptions of your team’s brand.Consider the formidable Facebook like button. Potentially the most lucrative icon ever created. According to Facebook’s recent IPO, in Dec 2011, Facebook received an average of 2.7 billions likes and comments per day.
  11. Companies believe that user experience is important thanks to the achievements of companies like Apple. Everyone wants the iPhone of their industry. Design is now more strategic but companies haven’t figured out how to drive their brand through user experience or truly differentiate in this new world.
  12. Quick poll:Who here works for a company that develops software?Many companies are now software makers. GE is one such company that has transitioned to become one of the biggest software makers in the world. Everybody whether internal or external is a software provider.
  13. Transforming from industrial companies to be more nimble, generative, effective product companies is a challenge.
  14. How do companies adapt to the changing markets, transform their cultures, and create amazing products?
  15. Three basic tenets to delivering successful products to the marketplace:Awarenessof your users, ability to design great experiences for them, and the ability to deliver those products to the market through organizational will.
  16. Few have it all figured out.
  17. Achieving excellence in all three is a monumental challenge. These are cultural values.
  18. I’m about to dig into these elements. But before I do I want you to consider theme in context of your company. Where are you succeeding? Where are you struggling? What other principles, strategies or techniques are you using that aren’t covered here?
  19. Let’s first talk about user insight.
  20. Only a deep understanding of your users will help you create something they love.
  21. Most teams creating products are centrally focused without a strong connection to customers.
  22. This was especially true of engineers and Alan wrote about this in the phenomenal book, the Inmates are Running the Asylum.
  23. But all the interesting stuff, the action, is happening at the interface between each company and its customers.
  24. We are improving. Effective teams are operating close to the edge and have a better sense for the action.
  25. Companies really need to design for people first. Even the word, “user” is generic and unclear. In fact, the only other industry that refers to customers as users is the drug trade. Kinda scary, right?
  26. We need to get closer to people. Seeing how people work in their environment helps us understand their needs and goals and the way they live and work.
  27. Here’s a small example: For Practice Fusion an EMR software company, Cooper designed a new iPad app. While observing general doctors we noticed that they were extremely busy rushing from appointment to appointment without much time to spare. To support their day-to-day work we organized their patient view to support their daily schedule and created an experience dedicated to minimizing keyboard input and help doctors spend more time caring for their patients. The schedule view is something we figured out by observing the doctors.
  28. Observing people naturally also helps create and identify new products and markets. Take TaskRabbit, a new platform for busy people to get help with their chores. With this new marketplace it was hard for customers to understand how much to pay, so we presented them with typical pricing for each task. We also realized that this was a tool used by busy people so posting a task in less than a minute was critical to the overall success.
  29. Many software teams and companies interview their customers using poor techniques because they don’t reveal people’s latent needs. Henry Ford once allegedly said if he’d asked his customers what they wanted they would have said a faster horse. The quote has not been proven to be true but it illustrates the point that simply asking questions means we may not identify people’s need. In this case: to travel fast and easy from point A to point B. A goal that hasn’t changed even by today’s standards.
  30. People tend to agree out of politeness when we ask:Would X feature help you?You like X, don’t you?People are agreeable out of politeness and fear of looking stupid
  31. Recently a team at Cooper redesigned an eye exam machine (this isn’t the exact machine) and noticed the technician struggle to flip constantly between three different input devices. They’d become so used to it they didn’t realize how energy-zapping it was. People also don’t really speak specifically about their use when asked questions.
  32. And most people aren’t specialized or experienced in software design. All this is to say, that better methods that reveal people’s latent needs will help you unravel more insight about your customers.
  33. To learn more about customers it’s better to use ethnographic research, the practice of observation and interview.
  34. Ethnography is used in several social science disciplines in order to understand the ordinary behavior, values and goals of a set of people. Anthropologists use it to understand cultures that differ from ours. While sociologists use it to understand the behavior and interactions of people within their social context.
  35. And we ask “Why” a lot to understand people’s underlying goals and needs. A conversation might go a bit like this.
  36. In the end it’s simple…
  37. Lots of deep research is hard to remember. So we synthesis the data into behavioral patterns of people called personas.Personasare archetypal users that represent the needs of your audience.
  38. These tools, invented by Cooper help bring focus for teams as they design, prioritize and develop. You know you’re using them right if people start talking about design decisions based on the needs of Louisa.
  39. But personas on their own don’t really mean much. Scenarios, the navigational pathways, bring your personas to life and help people see the ideal usage of a software products through the eyes of your user.
  40. Scenarios highlight the primary features your product must convey. So they naturally prioritize the functional requirements. Making your software much more useful.
  41. There’s nothing better than user research in people’s location of use. But there are some substitute research methods you can use.You can ask customers to journal their experience by documenting in word or with photos. You can bring people together to do participatory design. You can interview people over video conference. This is certainly better if it’s at the person’s work location. And you can do other light research on the street, through friends. This is really gorilla style stuff that if you’re enthusiastic you can get some good research from.
  42. Supposing you can’t do user research. Personascan still be created in a way that they become an agreement of assumptions. You may not reveal as much insight but your decision-making meetings will hopefully be more efficient.
  43. If you become an expert at knowing your users at your company you will be trusted with more decisions on product and service strategy.
  44. That’s all I wanted to say about insight.Some questions to ask yourself in evaluating your team’s effectiveness here…
  45. Let’s shift now to talk about design.
  46. Design is hard.Many decisions are made along the way.Andit’s easy to take a wrong turn and get lost.
  47. The simplest answers always seem obvious.But the truth is they take a long time to get there. Simple is hard.
  48. We’re makingstuff. This is a craft. And like like made things software design takes effort.
  49. Design isn’t something you can take on at the end. You can put lipstick on a pig but it’s still a pig.
  50. We’re all solving problems.
  51. But designers solve them differently using abductivethinking.It’s the designer’s ability to create solutions based what could be possible. Roger Martin asserted that real value creation now comes from using the designer's foremost competitive weapon, his imagination, to peer into a mystery -- a problem that we recognize but don't understand -- and to devise a rough solution that explains it.
  52. Good designers consider possibilities.
  53. They’re filled with patterns of design that they can reuse and refer to in new software design. You can see here a pattern library of mobile interactions.
  54. We’re not magicians, we’re not artists. We don’t hit things with a pretty stick.
  55. We use methods that allow us to focus on creatively solving problems.
  56. We start with the major anatomy, or the architecture of the system…
  57. And this is where we work on the big ideas. Incidentally, anyone can work on these big ideas.
  58. One great exercise to try: Find a problem. Spend an hour generating ten different solutions to that problem.
  59. We used to be a lot more practical at idea generation but the truth is we push the boundaries of our work a lot more at Cooper now we explore as teams. We host exploration workshops with our clients to generate piles of ideas around parts of the software and sheer volume of ideas can fill an entire room.
  60. And the more we explore the more we can create better and more novel interactions that both surprise and delight our customers.
  61. The worst thing for you to take away from this presentation is to go home and start creating wacky ideas. The point is to get the foundation right first. Then you can leverage a usable product and elevate the experience to something people will fall in love with.
  62. All design should be based on good rationale. Does the design help our persona, Louisa? Does the idea represent the real-life scenario in the right way? This is where our teams often ask why a lot to. To ensure there’s good rationale behind the design.
  63. And when the design comes together we need to share it.But!We’re not sharing features, we’re selling a vision.
  64. All classically great stories begin in a state of everyday life but then a trigger sparks a quest for resolution. The story then takes the audience on a journey to reach that resolution
  65. Prototyping helps you evaluate the design quicker. It’s cheaper. It’s great for testing more elaborate interactions and new technologies
  66. And as interactions and motion are more pervasive in software prototyping has become more critical for sharing the nuances of a design. You’ll note I’m very behind on all my tasks. Especially the haircut.
  67. Prototyping helps you evaluate the design quicker and make adjustments down to the details.
  68. And good designers are relentless down to the last detail.
  69. Why? Because people simply love great looking products.So much so that they believe they’re more usable than less aesthetic products. What we call the usability effect.
  70. And of course, if you’re looking to get people excited, there’s no better way than a rich, great looking prototype. We designed an iPad product for Thomson Reuter’s Corporate Services team, it was shared with an exec in a hallway conversation, and he then started sharing it around the company at large.
  71. Let’s shift now to talk about organization.
  72. Here’s a hard lesson:You can know lots about yourusers. You can do great design. And you can still fail. Organizations have a significant impact on product success. Here’s an example of a product called the QueProreader. Anyone heard of it? It was a large format digital reader. Especially targeting newspapers and magazines. It was presented at CES several years ago and created a ton of excitement at the conference. And then nothing happened. Two years went by and Plastic Logic still hadn’t released the actual product. It was simply a demo that had failed to hit the market. In the time, the new iPad was released. The eReader market had grown and devices were becoming very cheap. And the Proreader, was expected to cost north of $700. As you may have figured out that Plastic Logic’s inability to release the product and do so with a good strategy meant it was a huge failure.
  73. It takes a lot to be successful. You need leadership, process, tools. Great people. Education to help your company grow. Collaboration and communication for teams to change.
  74. Design is hard, but change is insanely difficult. Metro, Microsoft’s new design system, took many years to reach this point. It’s considered to have begun development in the mid 90s.
  75. ClaudiaKotchka, the VP of design at P&G, was hired to change P&G and make the organization more design-centric. It took her a full seven years to see the change happen.
  76. Needless to say, change takes time. There aren’t that many design leaders. We’re not all very good being operational. But effective leaders need to be operational to make a difference higher up the org.
  77. Catherine Courage, VP of product design at Citrix spends half her time marketing internally. It requires championing, marketing, selling, better business thinking.
  78. Start small, get results, and then share how you got there to get more support. Then repeat and build yourself a track record of success that’ll help you build more support in the future.
  79. Experience workshops are a great way to get people thinking more about what new experiences you can create.
  80. Everyone in your team can join and share the experiences they have, both good and bad, with other software.Thisthen gets related to your new product or redesign and people get excited about what that could be. It’s educational for everyone to learn about what makes a good product. And it’s a great way to bring excitement and inspiration to your teams. Also great for different teams to collaborate more.
  81. Tools have significant impact.Style guides or UI guidelines can push teams to changefaster. People see new designs and tend to want to adopt them if they’re good.
  82. And standards help improve the baseline.
  83. Tool libraries or UI toolkits help save teams time and are generally great quality. There are more and more front-end toolkits coming out all the time. Twitter has a new one called Bootstrap that’s great. These ideas improve the design foundation
  84. Going even further, you can change your company culture with principles. Cooper collaborated with Citrix to create these new principles which were to guide product and design teams. They the basic tenets of how all new Citrix products should perform.
  85. We crafted them with a new visual language system for Citrix which they use today. But the principles really changed how people work at Citrix. They started as principles for product teams, now they’re used everywhere. Their visibility grew and employees started making their own videos of products they loved. The principles show up on their security badges to remind everyone every day about their importance. And employees are trained on the importance of the principles. Even their legal teams use them to guide their work. True transformation has happened with the culture thanks to the efforts of Catherine and her team.
  86. This video created by Energy Energy is a great campaign piece they created for marketing the principles across the company.
  87. The Citrix product design team has grown significantly in the last three years to about 80 people.And Citrix products are winning awards.Citrix has also been named to innovative lists.
  88. Mark has outlined design as one of his three top goals for the company the last three years. That’s really significant.
  89. One of Catherine’s superpowers is her ability to socialize her ideas. It’s often hard to get everyone in a room and get consensus for support. Especially if you’re proposing lots of change. So campaign to different individuals until you feel you have enough support from a majority.
  90. What are some other strategies successful companies employ? They diversify their portfolio of products. There’s the set of money-making products that made your company a success. Then there are new products in research and development that are yet unproven. And then there are the slightly more mature products that have come out of the labs and may become significant products for the company. Diversifying your strategies is a great way to split teams, philosophies and make faster progress.
  91. Otherwise, everyone at the company simply sticks with the status quo and the moneymaking products.
  92. If you don’t disrupt your product someone will. Just ask the Blackberry, annihilated by Android and Apple.
  93. There are different types of innovation. And when new technology comes along it’s easier to shift to something new like this and leave the old thinking and infrastructure behind. The mobile shift has helped many companies evolve their products faster and start fresh.
  94. Practice Fusion has really disrupted the healthcare industry with a new free EMR. But that’s not enough. They worked with Cooper to disrupt their own web interface despite their success.
  95. Here’s their web-based product. We worked with them over several months to understand their users, design for their context and deliver a new tablet solution.
  96. Here’s a video of what happened. What’s nice about the video is you’ll see a little bit of the user insight, little bits of design exploration and experience workshopping, the prototype we built for their user conference and the end result.
  97. The prototype above all was the star of the show.
  98. Practice Fusion is a company, like Citrix, and others that are managing to change their products, cultures, awareness of users and design capabilities.
  99. I hope you enjoyed it.You can find me on twitter or via the Cooper journal.You can also follow Cooper via our twitter feed.Andif you’re interested in learning more about Cooper, come by and chat afterward.