1. ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
By Niyati

2. WHAT’S A.I? (to me)
• Computers making decisions in real-world
problems
•
apply
formulate
solve

3. WHAT IS A.I. ?(Dictionary)
Artificial Intelligence is
branch of
Science,
which deals
with helping machines find
solutions to complex problems
in a more human-like fashion.

4. • Math – solving problems, logic.
• Psychology – the study of mental
processes and behavior.
• Cognition – processing information,
applying knowledge.
• Biology – the study of living
organisms and how the work.
• Philosophy – wisdom and
understanding.
DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGY’S

5. Human Intelligence Artificial Intelligence
Intuition, Common sense, Judgement,
Creativity, Beliefs etc
Ability to simulate human behaviour and
cognitive processes
The ability to demonstrate their
intelligence by communicating
effectively
Capture and preserve human expertise
Plausible Reasoning and Critical
thinking
Fast Response. The ability to comprehend
large amounts of data quickly.
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HI vs.
AI

7. 1941: FIRST ELECTRONIC
COMPUTER

8. 1956: TERM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
INTRODUCE
• DARTHMOUTH CONFERENCE FOR
IINTRODUCTION OF A.I

9. • The DARTHMOUTH CONFERENCE of 1956was
organized by John McCarthy and two senior
scientists:
• In1956 Dartmouth conference was the moment
that AI gained its name,
mission, first success and major
players, and is the birth of AI.
1956:DARTHMOUTH
CONFERENCE

10. 1960s: CHECKER-PLAYING PROGRAM
THAT WAS ABLE TO PLAY GAMES WITH
OPPONENTS

11. 1997:DEEP BLUE PLAYS
THE WORLD’S BEST
CHESS PLAYER AND WINS.

12. 2000: FIRST SOPHISTICATED WALKING
ROBOT

13. TIMELINE OF AI

14. WHY A.I
• Two main reasons of AI:
– To understand human intelligence
better. We test theories of human
intelligence by writing programs which
emulate it.
– To create useful “smart” programs able
to do tasks that would normally require
a human expert.

15. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
Expert systems.
Speech recognition.
Computer vision.
Robotics.
Game playing

16. GAME PLAYING :-
• You can buy machines that can play master level
chess for a few hundred dollars. There is some
AI in them, but they play well against people
mainly through brute force computation--looking
at hundreds of thousands of positions

17. SPEECH RECOGNITION :-
•The primary interactive method of
communication used by humans is not reading
and writing, it is speech.
• The goal of speech recognition research is
to allow computers to understand human speech.
So that they can hear our voices and recognize
the words we are speaking.
• It simplifies the process of interactive
communication between people and computers.

18. COMPUTER VISION:-
Peoplegenerally usevision astheir primary means
of sensing their environment, wegenerally seemorethan
wehear, feel or smell or taste.
Thegoal of computervisionresearch isto give
computersthissamepowerful facility for understanding
their surrounding.
HereA.Ihelpscomputer to
understand what they see
through attached cameras.

19. EXPERT SYSTEMS:-
An Expert System isacomputer program designed to act
asan expert in aparticular domain (areaof expertise).

20. ROBOTICS
• A Robot isaelectro-mechanical devicethat
can by programmed to perform manual tasksor a
reprogrammablemulti functional manipulator
designed to movematerials,
parts, tools, or specialized devices
through variableprogrammed
motionsfor performanceof
variety of tasks.
An ‘intelligent’ robot includes
somekind of sensory apparatus
that allowsit to respond to
changein it’s
environment.

21. APPLICATIONS IN A.I
Some other applications which are used
everyday
Automation.
Cybernetics.
Hybrid intelligent system.
Intelligent agent.
Digital camera
Online / web.
Post office
Banks.
Customer service
Music

22. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
Founded in 1979, the American Association for Artificial
Intelligence (AAAI) is a nonprofit scientific society devoted to
advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms
underlying thought and intelligent behaviour and their embodiment
in machines. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of
artificial intelligence, improve the teaching and training of AI
practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and
funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI
developments and future directions.

23. GOALS OF A.I
 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving.
 Knowledge representation.
 Planning.
 Learning.
 Natural language processing.
 Motion and manipulation.
 Perception.
 Social intelligence.
 Creativity.
 General intelligence.

24. • To supplement natural intelligence for e.g. we
are building intelligence in an object so that it
can do what we want it to do, as for example--
robots, thus reducing human labour and
reducing human mistakes
NEED OF AI

25. PROS. OF AI• Ability to simulate human behavior and
cognitive processes Capture and preserve
human expertise
• The ability to comprehend large amounts of
data quickly.
• Fast Response.

26. CONS. OF AI
• No “common sense”.
• Cannot readily deal with “mixed”
knowledge.
• May have high development costs.
• Raise legal and ethical concerns.
• May lead to destruction

27. FUTURE (+)
The day is not far when you will just sit back in
your cozy little beds and just command your
personal Robot'sto entirely do your ruts. Hewill
be a perfect companion for you. Just enjoy the
Technology.

28. FUTURE (-)
But wait, don’t behappy. . !
It may end in other way too. Some day there will be a
knock to your door. As you open it, you see a large
number of Robots marching into your house destroying
everything you own and looting you.
Thisisbecauseever sincethereisan advantagein the
Technology, it attractsanti-social
elements. Thisistruefor Robots
too.Becausenow they will have
full power to think ashuman,
even asof anti-social elements.
So think tricebeforegiving them
power of Cognition.

29. SOME SUCCESS STORIES
• During the 1991 Gulf War, US forces deployed
an AI logistics planning and scheduling program
that involved up to 50,000 vehicles, cargo, and
people
• NASA's on-board autonomous planning
program controlled the scheduling of
operations for a spacecraft
• Proverb solves crossword puzzles better than
most humans
• Robot driving: DARPA grand challenge 2003-
2007
• 2006: face recognition software available in
consumer cameras

30. EXAMPLE OF AI

31. CONCLUSION:-
In it’s short existence, AIhas
increased undoing of the nature of
intelligence and provided an
impressive array of application in a
wide range of areas. It has sharpened
understanding of human reasoning,
and of the nature of intelligence in
general. At the same time, it has
revealed the complexity of modeling
human reasoning providing new areas
and rich challenges forthe future.

32. SO WHAT IS NEXT?
The development of every new
technology raises questions that
we, as individuals and as a society,
need to address.