SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  22
Education in the new
    millennium
E-learning is one of several ways in which
technology is changing the face of education.
Over the past 20 years, schools have
transformed from building centered places
where students learned basic skills, to
undefined venues where students interact
using multiple modalities. One of the most
difficult challenges facing educational as an
institution today is in trying to predict and
prepare for the ways that teaching and
learning will evolve over the next two
decades.
1.   Committee members vary in
     their understanding of how
     technology fits in the
     classrooms.
The oversight board is wary of
how this will impact the
budget.
Nancy Snyder
Brooke Yellets
Tim Palacio
Daniel J. O’Meara
E   learning is changing the face of education.




 From a building centered place where basic
 skills were taught to an undefined-
 anywhere/anytime venue where interaction
 is multi modal.
 Determine  the extent of online learning
  implementation
 Define what constitutes eLearning
 Who is doing the “teaching”
 Reasons why parents and school districts are
  using technology to replace or supplement
  more traditional classrooms.
 Addressing    out dated mental models
  Educators work with limited
  resources

     School districts rely on the input of
     innovators who are loosely connected


        Professional development


            Students’ technology skills often
            exceed those of their teachers


              Investment and funding
Impact on Leaders
   Contending with change
• Communication
 Fear of   • Readdress Mental Models
           • Trends
   the
Unknown
           • Unions, Boards, State and
External     Federal Agencies
           • Communication

Factors
Impact on followers

In order to effectively manage an e-learning
environment, educational leaders must be
familiar with the latest in technological
advances in the learning environment.
•In order to effectively manage an e-
   Professional         learning environment leaders must offer
   Development          professional development opportunities to
                        the followers


                       •Find relevancy in the information and the
                        followers will be motivated to adapt to new
     Motivation         mental models



    Integration of     •Find ways to create a seamless transition
                        from analog to digital
 technology into the
learning environment

                       •On going interaction between leaders vision
                        and followers in order to quickly and
  Communication         effectively adopt e-learning technology and
                        incorporate into meaningful work
 Situational   leadership



          1988                       2013



                      Technology
   A disparity between how administrators see the
   use of tech and how the graduates of 2013 see
   and use technology. Universities focus more of
   providing repositories of information than in
   investing in more robust and engaging Web based
   learning resources.
• The graduating class                         • Many of them have
  of 2013 have always                            cell iphones, laptops
  had the WWW at         • When they entered     and social
  their disposal           high school, 60       networking portals
                           million had
                           broadband access
 Schools
        need to create a shared vision
 whereby everyone in the community comes
 together to understand E-learning and its
 demands.
 Leadersneed to manage the changing role of
 education
                                                 The
                                                 future is
                                      Technology now

                          Education



               Students
Teachers          Mentors

 Educational Institutions        Integrated

     Infrastructure         Fit the need of
 the student


    Leaders as change
         agents
 Rapid change requires leadership at all
 levels. This includes self-leadership, the
 “process of influencing oneself”. Leading
 into an unknown future requires challenging
 your own assumptions about a current state
 and envisioning the future to create new
 mental models.
Funding issues continue to be a limiting
factor in many schools. Although research
over the past 20 years has predicted that
technology will usher a transformation in
education pedagogy, the revolution has not
materialized. Technology initiators have been
frustrated with aging or poor performing
hardware, lack of professional development,
and software that focuses on skill and drill
(Staples, Pugach, & Himes, 2005).
Investing in e-learning opportunities is laden
with challenges. The chief challenge is that
of being able to convince stakeholders of the
role that technology should play as pupils
learn in the 21st century. For those involved
in e-learning projects, investment in
technology is paramount and must be a
priority. In order to achieve the level of
competency that is required in a knowledge
based economy, educational institutions will
need to budget not only for technological
hardware but for professional development
opportunities as well.
   Arabasz, P., & Baker, M. B. (2003, June). Respondent Summary: Evolving Campus support Models for E-Learning
    Courses. Retrieved November 15, 2009, from Educause: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EKF/ekf0303.pdf
   Bonk, C. J. (2009). The World is Open. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass.
   Coles, M., & Southworth, G. (2005). Developing Leadership Creating the Schools of Tomorrow. Maidenhead,
    Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill Education.
   Coles, M., & Southworth, G. (2005). Developing Leadership Creating the Schools of Tomorrow. Maidenhead,
    Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill Education.
   Cook, D. A., & McDonald, F. S. (2010). E-LEARNING: is there anything special about the "e"? Perspectives in Biology
    and Medicine , 51 (1), 5-22.
   Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2002). Handbook of self determination research. Rochester, NY, USA: University of Rochester.
   Fairholm, M., & Card, M. (2009). Perspectives of Strategic Thinking: From Controlling Chaos to Embracing It. Journal
    of Management & Organization , 15, 17-30.
   Moore, R. (2008). Why Leaders Fail: When the Best Strategies Can't Get Done. Cost Engineering , 50, 3-4.
   Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (2010). Mastering Self-Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
   Smith, S. (2009). ECAR study of Undergraduate Students and Information Technology, 2009. EDUCAUSE , 6.
   Stansfield, M., Connolly, T., Cartelli, A., Jimoyiannis, A., & Magalhaes. (2009). The Identification of Key Issues in the
    Development of sustainable e-Learning and Virtual Campus Initiatives. Electronic Journal of e-Learning , 7 (2), 155-
    164.
   Staples, A., Pugach, M., & Himes, D. (2005). Rethinking the Technology Integration Challenge: Cases from Three
    Urban Elementary Schools. Journal of research on Technology in Education , 37 (3), 285-312.

Contenu connexe

Tendances

01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda
01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda
01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda
Nina Hakiki
 
National Education Technology Plan 2010
National Education Technology Plan 2010National Education Technology Plan 2010
National Education Technology Plan 2010
carrietales
 
Edld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignment
Edld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignmentEdld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignment
Edld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignment
Sonya Castro
 

Tendances (16)

01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda
01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda
01.hilal.india terjemahan ferda
 
Chapter2
Chapter2Chapter2
Chapter2
 
Chapter2
Chapter2Chapter2
Chapter2
 
Education 4.0 What india should do
Education 4.0 What india should doEducation 4.0 What india should do
Education 4.0 What india should do
 
Digital University
Digital UniversityDigital University
Digital University
 
National Education Technology Plan 2010
National Education Technology Plan 2010National Education Technology Plan 2010
National Education Technology Plan 2010
 
Incorporating Web 2 0 Tools
Incorporating Web 2 0 ToolsIncorporating Web 2 0 Tools
Incorporating Web 2 0 Tools
 
Technology Leadership in Early Childhood Education: Is There an App for That?
Technology Leadership in Early Childhood Education: Is There an App for That?Technology Leadership in Early Childhood Education: Is There an App for That?
Technology Leadership in Early Childhood Education: Is There an App for That?
 
Jep 0
Jep 0Jep 0
Jep 0
 
Chapter 5
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Chapter 5
 
Chapter5
Chapter5Chapter5
Chapter5
 
July, 2014 Vol. 18 No.3
July, 2014 Vol. 18 No.3July, 2014 Vol. 18 No.3
July, 2014 Vol. 18 No.3
 
The digital transformation of education
The digital transformation of educationThe digital transformation of education
The digital transformation of education
 
Learning in the Digital University
Learning in the Digital UniversityLearning in the Digital University
Learning in the Digital University
 
Prof ass 1 final draft 1
Prof ass 1 final draft 1Prof ass 1 final draft 1
Prof ass 1 final draft 1
 
Edld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignment
Edld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignmentEdld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignment
Edld 5362 district technology plan week 5 assignment
 

En vedette

Memahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 english
Memahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 englishMemahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 english
Memahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 english
Eko Supriyadi
 
Spm produksi multimedia 2009
Spm produksi multimedia 2009Spm produksi multimedia 2009
Spm produksi multimedia 2009
zhafdiana
 
Multimedia dalam pelbagai bidang
Multimedia dalam pelbagai bidangMultimedia dalam pelbagai bidang
Multimedia dalam pelbagai bidang
Arya Aria
 
Concept Of Key Account Management
Concept Of Key Account ManagementConcept Of Key Account Management
Concept Of Key Account Management
Ravi Ayilavarapu
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
Steve Soman
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
Shahzad Khan
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
guest177ff19
 
Multimedia in education
Multimedia in educationMultimedia in education
Multimedia in education
Muhmmad Asif
 

En vedette (20)

Memahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 english
Memahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 englishMemahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 english
Memahami alir proses produksi produk multimedia 3 english
 
Spm produksi multimedia 2009
Spm produksi multimedia 2009Spm produksi multimedia 2009
Spm produksi multimedia 2009
 
Multimedia roles slides
Multimedia roles slidesMultimedia roles slides
Multimedia roles slides
 
Multimedia dalam pelbagai bidang
Multimedia dalam pelbagai bidangMultimedia dalam pelbagai bidang
Multimedia dalam pelbagai bidang
 
Produksi multimedia
Produksi multimediaProduksi multimedia
Produksi multimedia
 
Immersive Multimedia (PowerPoint)
Immersive Multimedia (PowerPoint)Immersive Multimedia (PowerPoint)
Immersive Multimedia (PowerPoint)
 
Use of multimedia in school education-
Use of multimedia in school education-Use of multimedia in school education-
Use of multimedia in school education-
 
Key Account Management Plan
Key Account Management PlanKey Account Management Plan
Key Account Management Plan
 
Concept Of Key Account Management
Concept Of Key Account ManagementConcept Of Key Account Management
Concept Of Key Account Management
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
 
Chapter 3 The Role of Multimedia in Education
Chapter 3   The Role of Multimedia in EducationChapter 3   The Role of Multimedia in Education
Chapter 3 The Role of Multimedia in Education
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
 
Account Strategy Template
Account Strategy TemplateAccount Strategy Template
Account Strategy Template
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
 
What is Key Account Management
What is Key Account ManagementWhat is Key Account Management
What is Key Account Management
 
5 Steps to Effective Key Accounts Management
5 Steps to Effective Key Accounts Management5 Steps to Effective Key Accounts Management
5 Steps to Effective Key Accounts Management
 
Key Account Management
Key Account ManagementKey Account Management
Key Account Management
 
18 EXAMPLES of IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA
18 EXAMPLES of IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA18 EXAMPLES of IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA
18 EXAMPLES of IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA
 
Multimedia in education
Multimedia in educationMultimedia in education
Multimedia in education
 
Strategic Account Plan Template
Strategic Account Plan TemplateStrategic Account Plan Template
Strategic Account Plan Template
 

Similaire à E Learning

Syncing digital learning
Syncing digital learningSyncing digital learning
Syncing digital learning
camprumi
 
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position PaperACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
dvodicka
 
iNacol quality workshop october 2012
iNacol quality workshop october 2012iNacol quality workshop october 2012
iNacol quality workshop october 2012
LaBonte Randy
 
English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011
ustenglishdepartment
 
English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011
ustenglishdepartment
 
English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011
ustenglishdepartment
 
The Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School Culture
The Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School CultureThe Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School Culture
The Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School Culture
Jennifer L. Scheffer
 

Similaire à E Learning (20)

Syncing digital learning
Syncing digital learningSyncing digital learning
Syncing digital learning
 
Mceetya Ict Leadership
Mceetya Ict LeadershipMceetya Ict Leadership
Mceetya Ict Leadership
 
Learning Technology BluePrint for Change - Review
Learning Technology BluePrint for Change - ReviewLearning Technology BluePrint for Change - Review
Learning Technology BluePrint for Change - Review
 
Integrating ICT into Teaching Learning
Integrating ICT into Teaching LearningIntegrating ICT into Teaching Learning
Integrating ICT into Teaching Learning
 
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position PaperACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
 
Tugasan 4
Tugasan 4Tugasan 4
Tugasan 4
 
Tugasan 4
Tugasan 4Tugasan 4
Tugasan 4
 
CSR
CSRCSR
CSR
 
Black Clute 2008
Black Clute 2008Black Clute 2008
Black Clute 2008
 
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position PaperACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
ACSA Technology Leadership Group Position Paper
 
iNacol quality workshop october 2012
iNacol quality workshop october 2012iNacol quality workshop october 2012
iNacol quality workshop october 2012
 
Cisco Global Education
Cisco Global EducationCisco Global Education
Cisco Global Education
 
Nat partyedpolicyforumjuly10
Nat partyedpolicyforumjuly10Nat partyedpolicyforumjuly10
Nat partyedpolicyforumjuly10
 
School leadership and ict (week 1)
School leadership and ict (week 1)School leadership and ict (week 1)
School leadership and ict (week 1)
 
English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011
 
English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011
 
English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011English, englishing and englishes20052011
English, englishing and englishes20052011
 
Deeper thinking Common Core and Technology
Deeper thinking   Common Core  and TechnologyDeeper thinking   Common Core  and Technology
Deeper thinking Common Core and Technology
 
The Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School Culture
The Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School CultureThe Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School Culture
The Impact of the Tech-Savvy School Leader on School Culture
 
Modernizing Education at METC
Modernizing Education at METCModernizing Education at METC
Modernizing Education at METC
 

Dernier

Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functionsSalient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
KarakKing
 

Dernier (20)

Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdfUnit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
 
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functionsSalient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
 
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptxExploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
Plant propagation: Sexual and Asexual propapagation.pptx
Plant propagation: Sexual and Asexual propapagation.pptxPlant propagation: Sexual and Asexual propapagation.pptx
Plant propagation: Sexual and Asexual propapagation.pptx
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptxOn_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
 

E Learning

  • 1. Education in the new millennium
  • 2. E-learning is one of several ways in which technology is changing the face of education. Over the past 20 years, schools have transformed from building centered places where students learned basic skills, to undefined venues where students interact using multiple modalities. One of the most difficult challenges facing educational as an institution today is in trying to predict and prepare for the ways that teaching and learning will evolve over the next two decades.
  • 3.
  • 4. 1. Committee members vary in their understanding of how technology fits in the classrooms.
  • 5. The oversight board is wary of how this will impact the budget.
  • 6. Nancy Snyder Brooke Yellets Tim Palacio Daniel J. O’Meara
  • 7. E learning is changing the face of education. From a building centered place where basic skills were taught to an undefined- anywhere/anytime venue where interaction is multi modal.
  • 8.  Determine the extent of online learning implementation  Define what constitutes eLearning  Who is doing the “teaching”  Reasons why parents and school districts are using technology to replace or supplement more traditional classrooms.
  • 9.  Addressing out dated mental models Educators work with limited resources School districts rely on the input of innovators who are loosely connected Professional development Students’ technology skills often exceed those of their teachers Investment and funding
  • 10. Impact on Leaders Contending with change
  • 11. • Communication Fear of • Readdress Mental Models • Trends the Unknown • Unions, Boards, State and External Federal Agencies • Communication Factors
  • 12. Impact on followers In order to effectively manage an e-learning environment, educational leaders must be familiar with the latest in technological advances in the learning environment.
  • 13. •In order to effectively manage an e- Professional learning environment leaders must offer Development professional development opportunities to the followers •Find relevancy in the information and the followers will be motivated to adapt to new Motivation mental models Integration of •Find ways to create a seamless transition from analog to digital technology into the learning environment •On going interaction between leaders vision and followers in order to quickly and Communication effectively adopt e-learning technology and incorporate into meaningful work
  • 14.  Situational leadership 1988 2013 Technology A disparity between how administrators see the use of tech and how the graduates of 2013 see and use technology. Universities focus more of providing repositories of information than in investing in more robust and engaging Web based learning resources.
  • 15. • The graduating class • Many of them have of 2013 have always cell iphones, laptops had the WWW at • When they entered and social their disposal high school, 60 networking portals million had broadband access
  • 16.  Schools need to create a shared vision whereby everyone in the community comes together to understand E-learning and its demands.
  • 17.  Leadersneed to manage the changing role of education The future is Technology now Education Students
  • 18. Teachers Mentors Educational Institutions Integrated Infrastructure Fit the need of the student Leaders as change agents
  • 19.  Rapid change requires leadership at all levels. This includes self-leadership, the “process of influencing oneself”. Leading into an unknown future requires challenging your own assumptions about a current state and envisioning the future to create new mental models.
  • 20. Funding issues continue to be a limiting factor in many schools. Although research over the past 20 years has predicted that technology will usher a transformation in education pedagogy, the revolution has not materialized. Technology initiators have been frustrated with aging or poor performing hardware, lack of professional development, and software that focuses on skill and drill (Staples, Pugach, & Himes, 2005).
  • 21. Investing in e-learning opportunities is laden with challenges. The chief challenge is that of being able to convince stakeholders of the role that technology should play as pupils learn in the 21st century. For those involved in e-learning projects, investment in technology is paramount and must be a priority. In order to achieve the level of competency that is required in a knowledge based economy, educational institutions will need to budget not only for technological hardware but for professional development opportunities as well.
  • 22. Arabasz, P., & Baker, M. B. (2003, June). Respondent Summary: Evolving Campus support Models for E-Learning Courses. Retrieved November 15, 2009, from Educause: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EKF/ekf0303.pdf  Bonk, C. J. (2009). The World is Open. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass.  Coles, M., & Southworth, G. (2005). Developing Leadership Creating the Schools of Tomorrow. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill Education.  Coles, M., & Southworth, G. (2005). Developing Leadership Creating the Schools of Tomorrow. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill Education.  Cook, D. A., & McDonald, F. S. (2010). E-LEARNING: is there anything special about the "e"? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine , 51 (1), 5-22.  Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2002). Handbook of self determination research. Rochester, NY, USA: University of Rochester.  Fairholm, M., & Card, M. (2009). Perspectives of Strategic Thinking: From Controlling Chaos to Embracing It. Journal of Management & Organization , 15, 17-30.  Moore, R. (2008). Why Leaders Fail: When the Best Strategies Can't Get Done. Cost Engineering , 50, 3-4.  Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (2010). Mastering Self-Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.  Smith, S. (2009). ECAR study of Undergraduate Students and Information Technology, 2009. EDUCAUSE , 6.  Stansfield, M., Connolly, T., Cartelli, A., Jimoyiannis, A., & Magalhaes. (2009). The Identification of Key Issues in the Development of sustainable e-Learning and Virtual Campus Initiatives. Electronic Journal of e-Learning , 7 (2), 155- 164.  Staples, A., Pugach, M., & Himes, D. (2005). Rethinking the Technology Integration Challenge: Cases from Three Urban Elementary Schools. Journal of research on Technology in Education , 37 (3), 285-312.