3. AACR2
Models for decision : a conference under the
auspices of the United Kingdom Automation
Council organised by the British Computer
Society and the Operational Research Society /
edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. -- London : English
Universities Press, 1965.
x, 149 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
• Berners-Lee, C. M.
5. AACR2 in MARC21
245 00 $a Models for decision :
$b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom
Automation Council organised by the British Computer
Society and the Operational Research Society /
$c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee.
260 __ $a London :
$b English Universities Press,
$c 1965.
300 __ $a x, 149 p. :
$b ill. ;
$c 23 cm.
504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references.
700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M.
6. AARC2 in .mrc
00788nam a2200181 a
45000010027000000050017000270080041000440240015000852450
21000100260004900310300003200359504004100391650003300432
700002300465710003900488710003000527710004900557_UCL0100
0000000000000477125_20061112120300.0_850710s1965 enka b
000 0 eng _8 _ax280050495_00_aModels for decision :_ba
conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation
Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational
Research Society /_cedited by C.M. Berners-Lee._ _aLondon
:_bEnglish Universities Press,_c1965._ _ax, 149 p. :_bill. ;_c23 cm._
_aIncludes bibliographical references._ 0_aDecision
making_vCongresses._1 _aBerners-Lee, C. M._2 _aUnited Kingdom
Automation Council._2 _aBritish Computer Society._2 _aOperational
Research Society (Great Britain)__
9. What is MARC for?
• Storage
• Exchange and distribution
• Manipulation
• Display
• Input (http://www.aurochs.org/zz/marc_input/marc_input.html)
• “Lingua franca of library cataloguing”
10. Finite Notation Problem
Too many subject schemes
650 _0 for LCSH
650 _1 for LC for Childrens
650 _2 for MeSH
…
650 _7 Source specified in subfield $2
Not enough indicators
246 184 $aThe title on the spine
11. Data in More Than One Place
Languages
008 (positions 35-37) eng
041 __ $a eng
240 10 $l English
546 __ $a In English.
12. Double Encoding: ISBD and MARC
Blanket : Constellation of Orion, 3.
260 __ $a Blanket
$b Constellation of Orion
$c 3
260 __ $a Blanket :
$b Constellation of Orion,
$c 3.
13. Data Mixed Up
GMD
245 10 $a Data on the web
$h [electronic resource] :
$b research and applications /
$c Antonis Bikakis, Adrian Giurca (eds.).
245 10 $a Data on the web
$b research and applications /
$c Antonis Bikakis, Adrian Giurca (eds.).
Nothing allowed after 245$c
245 10 $a Enduring resistance :
$b cultural theory after Derrida /
$c edited by Sjef Houppermans, Rico Sneller, Peter van Zilfhout. =
La résistance persérvère : la théorie de la culture (d')aprés Derrida / edité par Sjef
Houppermans, Rico Sneller, Peter van Zilfhout.
15. Changing Text as Primary Key for
Headings and Authorities
Author heading for deceased person
Niemeyer, Oscar, 1907-
Different preferences for writing name
Mao, Tse-tung, 1893-1976 [Former heading]
Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976
毛泽东, 1893-1976
Small differences could break match
Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976.
Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976
17. Record Not Data
00788nam a2200181 a
450000100270000000500170002700800410004402400150008524502100010026000
490031030000320035950400410039165000330043270000230046571000390048871
0003000527710004900557_UCL01000000000000000477125_20061112120300.0_85
0710s1965 enka b 000 0 eng _8 _ax280050495_00_aModels for decision :_ba
conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised
by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society /_cedited by
C.M. Berners-Lee._ _aLondon :_bEnglish Universities Press,_c1965._ _ax, 149 p.
:_bill. ;_c23 cm._ _aIncludes bibliographical references._ 0_aDecision
making_vCongresses._1 _aBerners-Lee, C. M._2 _aUnited Kingdom Automation
Council._2 _aBritish Computer Society._2 _aOperational Research Society (Great
Britain)__
Leader
Directory
Data
245 field, final 710 field
18. Other Considerations
• Only libraries use MARC
– Libraries tied to library-specific software/processes
– Outside agencies can’t take advantage of library data
and standards (See Also: RDA not freely available)
• Not even all of libraries use MARC
– Archives
– Repositories
– Non-MARC LMSs
• US RDA test demanded progress be made on a
replacement before agreeing to adopt RDA
19. Linked Data: “the web of data”
• Use URIs as names for things
• Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up
those names.
• When someone looks up a URI, provide useful
information, using the standards
(RDF, SPARQL)
• Include links to other URIs. so that they can
discover more things.
Tim Berners-Lee (2006)
36. Linked Data: Is It Any Good?
• Not-library specific
– Detailed library data becomes part of the web
– Libraries can benefit from wider software, community, and expertise; less tied to specific vendors
– Non-librarians can use our data
• Not catalogue-specific: e.g. if archives, repositories, and catalogues, and others can publish linked
data and share identifiers (URIs) then it can be mixed and re-used in interesting ways
• Can be linked with other schemes. E.g. authorities such as VIAF with Wikipedia, ORCID, and ISNI
• Backbone of other big initiatives:
– Schema.org used by major search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex)
– UK government open data: data.gov.uk
– Dbpedia
– BBC websites, e.g. wildlife finder (takes data from Wikipedia) and World Cup sites.
• Based on very basic and flexible Entity Relationship Model (ERM), the same structure as e.g. FRBR
• Provenance of deconstructed data hard to determine
• Can get complex very quickly
• Linked data often synonymous with linked open data (a good thing for libraries)
• No standard way of presenting bibliographic information as linked data, although…
39. BIBFRAME Model: Resource
A BIBFRAME Resource can be anything: a Work, Instance, Authority, or
Annotation
bf:authorizedAccessPoint
bf:description
bf:identifier
bf:label
bf:subject
bf:relatedResource
40. BIBFRAME Model: Work
Work: A resource reflecting a conceptual essence of the cataloging resource. (A
FRBR Work/Expression)
bf:creator
bf:note
bf:language
bf:title
bf:subject
bf:relatedWork
bf:hasInstance
bf:hasExpression
bf:expressionOf
41. BIBFRAME Model: Instance
Instance: A resource reflecting an individual, material embodiment of the
Work. (A FRBR Manifestation)
bf:title
bf:contributor
bf:placePub
bf:provider
bf:pubDate
bf:extent
bf:otherFeatures
bf:dimensions
bf:isbn
bf:language
bf:note
bf:instanceOf
42. BIBFRAME Model: Authority (Person)
Authority: A resource reflecting key authority concepts that have defined
relationships reflected in the Work and Instance.
bf:resourceRole
bf:isni
bf:orcid
bf:viaf
43. BIBFRAME Model: Annotation
Annotation: A resource that decorates other BIBFRAME resources with
additional information, e.g. holdings, cover art, reviews.
bf:annotates
bf:annotationAssertedBy
bf:annotationBody
45. BIBFRAME: Is It Any Good?
• Still very much in draft
• Uses own scheme and namespace
– ensures security
– but against spirit and usual practice of linked data
• Reliant on successful conversion of MARC records
(more so than move from AACR2 to RDA)
• Not limited to encoding AACR2 or RDA or FRBR or
Dublin Core or…
• Basically under the control of the Library of
Congress
46. More Information
MARC
• MARC21 Standards http://www.loc.gov/marc/
• MARC21 Bibliographic http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/ecbdhome.html
• MARC21 Record Structure http://www.loc.gov/marc/specifications/specrecstruc.html
• UKMARC Manual http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/ukmarc.html
• MARC Must Die / Roy Tennant. http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA250046.html
Linked Data
• Library of Congress Linked Data Service. http://id.loc.gov/ Includes LC Name Authorities, LCSH, geographic and language codes, and
others.
• Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). http://viaf.org/
• The RDA (Resource Description and Access) Vocabularies at the Open Metadata Registry. http://rdvocab.info/
• Schema.org for books. http://schema.org/Book
• Dbpedia. http://dbpedia.org/About A linked data version of Wikipedia.
• Linked Open BNB. http://bnb.data.bl.uk/search
• data.lib.cam.ac.uk http://data.lib.cam.ac.uk
• BBC Wildlife Finder, http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/wildlife. Compare e.g. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Desert_locust and
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Desert_locust.rdf
• Bookmarklet for searching catalogues from Wikipedia. http://www.aurochs.org/aurlog/2013/03/25/bookmarklet-for-searching-
catalogues-from-wikipedia/
Bibframe
• LC Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative. http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/
• BIBFRAME.org : New Bibliographic Framework. http://bibframe.org/
• Bibframe examples / Karen Coyle. http://kcoyle.net/bibframe/ Converted from MARCXML. Mosly in JSON, but one in turtle.
• NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Development Project. http://www.niso.org/topics/tl/BibliographicRoadmap/
47. Beyond MARC
24510$aBeyond MARC
dc:title “Beyond MARC”
bf:title “Beyond MARC”
17 April 2013
Thomas Meehan
Head of Current Cataloguing
t.meehan@ucl.ac.uk
48. Appendix: Look at your own
BIBFRAME examples!
How to get some BIBFRAME RDF/XML
1. Go to http://bibframe.org/tools/compare/
2. Enter an LC system ID into the box (e.g. 10342843) and click on Search.
3. Click on BIBFRAME RDF/XML.
How to convert RDF/XML to RDF/Turtle
1. Select and copy some RDF/XML.
2. Go to http://www.rdfabout.com/demo/validator/ and make sure Input Format is set to RDF/XML
3. Paste the BIBFRAME data into the box, overwriting anything that’s already there.
4. Click on Validate. You will get three versions of the RDF: as Notation 3 (of which Turtle is a
subset); N-Triples; and RDF/XML.
How to view the RDF/Turtle
1. Select and copy some Turtle, Notation 3 or N-Triples. Notation 3 or Turtle are by far the easiest to
read and look much the same.
2. Go to http://www.aurochs.org/rdfv/rdfv.html
3. Paste the RDF data into the box.
4. Click on Submit.
5. Click on the data itself to highlight various bits.