Publishing in the digital age - LSU Workshop

Publishing in the
Digital Age
Peggy L Chinn, RN, PhD, FAAN
Editor, Advances in Nursing Science
Acknowledgement: Leslie Nicoll, PhD, RN, FAAN

Objectives
 Interpret the nuances of the term “open
access”
 Recognize and avoid predatory publishers
 Relate the importance of journal due
diligence to professional manuscript
development
 Apply valuable online tools to remain
current with the rapidly changing
publishing world
Peggy Chinn © 2014 November 2014 2

Digital Literacy
 Knowing how to use computers, access
information, sift out irrelevant information
quickly, “drill down” to find relevant
information, and skillfully assess the value
and worth of competing sources and ideas
 Digital natives were born after 1990, but
not all 20’somethings are natives
 Digital immigrants are the rest of us!

Keys to Immigration
 Learning to tolerate the “quick scan”
 Getting over the fear you might miss something
and learning that important things repeat over and
over
 Learning to quickly find all elements on the screen,
which requires abandoning the expectation that
things will stay the same.
 Tolerating ambiguity and change – learning the
culture of constant & frequent “quality
improvement”
 Acquiring rapid “drilling” techniques

How to Drill
 Learn to rely on social media and your
online network (in other words, rarely go
directly to an article or a site; rely on your
network)
 Twitter
 Blogs
 Follow key blogs to get notifications
 Join key listservs/email groups
 “Like” professional Facebook pages in your
area of interest

Publishing
 Publish: to make something public
 Publisher: An organizational entity that
engages in the business of making written
works public and that assumes financial risks
and benefits of doing so
 Author: The individual who produces a written
work
 Authors can publish their own works, an
option that has vastly increased in the digital
age

What Publishers Do
 The Scholarly Kitchen chefs list 82 things!
 High quality editing, preparation &
production
 Provision of permanent archiving and
discoverablity
 Underwriting of all expenses, known and
unknown
 Responsible for marketing and distribution
 Management of copyright and other legal
matters

Terms
 Open Access – business model that uses
Author Processing Charges in place of
subscription fees
 Public Access - requirement of a funding
agency stipulating funded research results be
made available to the public, usually after an
embargo period.
 Free Access – offered to the public as a
marketing tool for a discrete time period.
 Pay to Publish – predatory practice that uses
APC for personal gain

Copyright & Creative
Commons Licensing
 Copyright Clearance Center – Get the
Facts (copyright.com)
 Copyright on Campus video - watch it,
show it
 Creative Commons License – when you
want to share but also want attribution to
your work
 Creative Commons Kiwi – watch it, show it!

Open Access
It is:
 A business model
 A cost shift from
reader to author
 Intended to increase
access of scientists
& public to current
scientific findings
 Subject to copyright
or creative commons
protection
It is not:
 Not “free”
 Not available for
unrestricted
distribution
 Not in itself less
valuable or
rigorous than
paper
 Not a simple
replication of
paper

PubMed & PubMed Central
 PubMed – search engine for all material
indexed by Medline (NLM/NIH database)
 Available only through libraries from 1971-
1997; free to the public in June 1997
 PubMed Central – a repository for digital
full-text articles
 NIH public-access policy requires all
funded research reports deposited within
12 months of print publication

OA Distribution Models
 Traditional: Subscribers pay to have
unrestricted access to content
 Gold: Author pays APC (author processing
charge) substituting for subscription fees –
article is immediately available to all
 Platinum: Publisher obtains grant,
sponsor, or donor to cover cost, with little
or no author fee

OA Distribution (cont.)
 Green: Publisher gives “green light” to
authors to self-archive their pre-publication
manuscript in an open
repository
 Hybrid: Combination of traditional and
gold access models
 Delayed: Publisher provides open access
for no additional fee after an embargo
period of 6-12 months

Benefits
 Provides rapid access to all scholars who
might not otherwise find and build on
important new scientific findings
 Provides access to the tax-paying public
without the barrier of cost
 Increases the author’s range of influence
by making their work widely accessible,
not limited to a journal’s subscribers or
academic library access

Challenges
 Monetary transactions from authors to
publishers creates a “pay to play” culture
 Shift from reader-centric model to author-centric
model calls into question whose
interest is being served
 Widespread confusion calls for education
and heightened awareness of pitfalls
 Open door for predatory practices

Key: Editorial Integrity
 The best protection available against
“fake” science that harms the public.
 Assurance to the scientific community that
what is published is a sound basis upon
which to build future research.
 Assurance to the public that what is
published is in the human interest in
practice.

Editorial Integrity Defined
 Practices widely acknowledged to provide
assurance to the discipline and the public
that:
 “Iron wall” practices protect against
commercial and personal influence on
editorial content
 All persons involved in selection and
production of editorial content are fully
qualified & adhere to COPE Codes of
Conduct
 Editorial content has been adequately
vetted by experts in the field

“TCP” Hallmarks of Integrity
 Transparency – editorial practices for all
stages of publication are readily available
 Corroboration – all claims (journal
performance, editorial staff qualifications,
etc.) are consistent with external sources
 Permanence – assurance of preservation
and discoverability of journal content is
assured – Digital Object Identifiers (DOI)

Predatory Practices
 Questionable business practices
 Use gold open-access model (author pays)
without clear contractual agreements or
assurances
 Aggressive methods to lure authors in
 Promises of rapid review and rapid publication
 Location and contact information for publisher
and editor is non-existent or hard to find
 Mimics legitimate journal names, logos, etc. to
create confusion

Predatory Practices
 Mystification and obfuscation
 Little or no evidence of archiving
 No provision for discoverability over time
 Very scant information about manuscript
preparation, submission and review.
 Journal titles mislead and confuse to mimic
well-established and respected journals
(and conferences)

Predatory Practices
 False representations
 Fake Impact factors
 Editorial board “harvested” or themselves
lured in
 “Honorary” Editor-in-Chief
 Once you agree, the promises of
publication (or conference program) are
not delivered

Science Publishing Group
 2 week “review” time – inadequate;
signals the probability of no review by
actual peers
 “Favorable” price – red flag of a money-making
scam
 “Famous” indexing databases: CAS
Source Index (Chemical abstract service)
 On Beall’s List

Protect Yourself: Transparency
 Who is the Editor and is this person
qualified for the job?
 Can you reach the Editor by email?
 Are the guidelines for manuscript
submission clear?
 Are the processes for review and
selection described thoroughly?

Protect Yourself:
Corroboration
 Are the qualifications of the Editor (and
Advisory Board) clear and documented on
external sources?
 If bibliometric data are posted, are they
valid measures and can these be verified?
 If indexing services are listed, do those
Indexes actually contain entries to this
publication?

Protect Yourself: Permanence
 Is there an archive of past issues, and
how are these archived?
 Can you find previous publications in the
standards indexes used in nursing and
health care?
 Do past articles have a DOI assigned?

Journal Due Diligence
 What audience do you want to reach?
 How will your work fit within the scope and
purposes of a prospective journal?
 Are you satisfied that the journal follows
best publishing practices?
 What are the requirements for manuscript
preparation (length, style & format, etc.)?
 What is the overall “style” of the journal?

Journal Metrics
 Impact Factor: Journal Citation Reports
 IF2013 = 2013 citations to articles
published in 2011 and 2012 / articles
published in 2011 and 2012
 Altmetrics – based on social media
references, posts
 Google Scholar Metrics – based on h
index

Impact Factor Limitations
 Only draws on journals that also are
included in the Journal Citations Index
 Problems with what “counts” as a citable
item
 Errors in citations
 Relies on print publication date, and
calendar year data

Value of Blogs
 A form of self-publishing: most often open to the
public with no restrictions and no fee (the blogger
is the publisher, and assumes all costs unless
otherwise stated)
 Quality varies vastly; author reputation and
integrity is a key value indicator
 By definition employs a form of post-publication
peer-review
 High quality blogs offer high value to the reader
 Current time and context dimension that is
unequalled by print or even online publications

Your own “Blogosphere”
 Follow blogs specific to your nursing focus
(see Concorde & “Top 100” Lists)
 Follow general Blogs related to
scholarship & writing (upcoming slides!)
 Create your own Blog and post weekly
 Use Facebook & Twitter with your own
range of influence in mind
 ICYMI – My list of web sites and blogs!

Scholarly OA
 Blog by Jeffrey Beall, librarian at U of
Colorado Denver
 Posts every few days with alerts,
examples, commentary about predatory
publishers & practices.
 Maintains “Beall’s List” of predatory
publishers and standalone journals

Scholarly Kitchen
 Covers “what’s hot and cooking in
scholarly publishing”
 Affiliated with the Society for Scholarly
Publishing
 16 bloggers with notable academic and
publishing credentials
 Avid supporters of OA publishing

Vitae
 Social network created by Chronicle of
Higher Education that provides a way to
spotlight your own work
 Features groups where you can start a
discussion or participate in someone’s
else’s discussion
 Check out the group on Scholarly Writing

INANE
 International Academy of Nursing Editors
 Blog addresses current issues in
publishing & news from the nursing
publishing world
 Resources section includes links for
authors, editors and publishers
 Nursing Journals Directory in collaboration
with Nurse Author & Editor
 See current Initiative on Editorial
Peggy ChinSn ©ta 2n01d4ards November 2014 35

Nurse Author & Editor
 Edited by Leslie Nicoll, PhD, RN, FAAN
 Registration to access newsletter is free
 September 2014 issue contains INANE’s
position paper on Predatory Publishing
 Provides access to Christine Webb's
Writing for Publication booklet

Nursing Writing
 Blog by Thomas Long, PhD (English)
Writing coach with UConn School of
Nursing
 Posts regularly with commentary on
writing and publishing and opportunities
for publishing and presenting
 Provides editing services for a fee

Publishing in the digital age - LSU Workshop

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