1. PERCEPTION
by
rajesh&ankur

2. What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?
• Perception
A process by which
individuals organize
and interpret their
sensory
impressions in
order to give
meaning to their
environment.
People’s behavior
People’s behavior
is based on their
is based on their
perception of what
perception of what
reality is, not on
reality is, not on
reality itself.
reality itself.
Human mind
Human mind
assembles,
assembles,
organizes and
organizes and
categorizes
categorizes
information
information

3. Factors Influencing the Perceptual Process
Perceiver
 Perception influenced by person’s values,
attitudes, past experiences, needs, personality
Setting
 Physical context, social context, organizational
context
Perceived
 Target’s contrast, intensity, figure-ground
separation, size, motion, repetition, novelty

4. External Factors in Perceptual Selectivity
•
•
•
•
•
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Size
Intensity
Repetition
Novelty and Familiarity
Contrast
Motion

7. Young /Old woman illusion

8. • Contrast Principle: Example

9. Perception process: 6 Steps
1. Stimuli
2. Organising (or Receiving Stimuli)
3. Selective Attention (or Selecting Stimuli)
4. Perceptual Organisation
5. Interpreting
6. Response

10. Perceptual Organization
• The Law of Proximity: Stimulus elements that are
closed together tend to be perceived as a group
• The Law of Similarity: Similar stimuli tend to be
grouped. Similar features of various stimuli irrespective
of nearness.
• The Law of Closure: Stimuli tend to be grouped into
complete figures
• The Law of Good Continuation: Stimuli tend to be
grouped as to minimize change or discontinuity
• The Law of Simplicity: Ambiguous stimuli tend to be
resolved in favor of the simplest Figure.
• The Law of Figure Ground Principle: The tendency to
keep certain phenomenon in focus and other
phenomenon in background.

11. Distortions in Perception
Distortions in perception may occur because
of the following factors:
• Factors in perceiver- personality, mental
set, attribution, first impression , halo
effect, stereotyping
• Factors in person perceived- status,
visibility of traits etc.
• Situational factors

12. Shortcuts in Judging Others:
1.) Selective Perception
2.) Halo Effect
3.) Contrast Effects
4.) Projection
5.) Stereotyping

13. Specific Applications in
Organizations
• Employment Interview
• Performance Expectations
• Performance Evaluation
• Employee Effort

14. Managerial Implications of Perception
• Interpersonal Working Relationships
• Selection of Employees
• Performance Appraisal

15. Developing Perceptual Skills
•
•
•
•
•
•
Perceiving oneself correctly
Enhancing Self concept
Having positive attitudes
Being Empathic
Communicating More openly
Avoiding Common Perceptual Distortions

17. INDUSTRY EXAMPLE
http://www.mobileindustryreview.com/2011/01/a