1. S.Prasanth Kumar, Bioinformatician Genomics Sequence Alignment : Complete Coverage-I S.Prasanth Kumar Dept. of Bioinformatics Applied Botany Centre (ABC) Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, INDIA www.facebook.com/Prasanth Sivakumar FOLLOW ME ON ACCESS MY RESOURCES IN SLIDESHARE prasanthperceptron CONTACT ME [email_address]
3. Optimal alignment of two sequences Brute Force Method Suppose there are two sequences X and Z to be aligned, where |X| = m and |Z| = n If gaps are allowed in the sequences, then the potential length of both the first and second sequences is m+n. 2 m+n subsequences with spaces for the sequence X 2 m+n subsequences with spaces for the sequence Z Alignment = 2 m+n * 2 m+n = 2 (2(m+n)) = 4 m+n comparisons
4. Optimal alignment of two sequences Dynamic Programming DP align two sequences by beginning at the ends of the two sequences and attempting to align all possible pairs of characters (one from each sequence) using a scoring scheme for matches, mismatches, and gaps. The highest set of scores defines the optimal alignment between the two sequences DP algorithms solve optimization problems by dividing the problem into independent subproblems
5. Optimal alignment of two sequences Dynamic Programming Matrix s(a i b j ) = +5 if a i = b j (match score) s(a i b j ) = -3 if a i ≠ b j (mismatch score) w = -4 (gap penalty) • Initialization • Matrix Fill (scoring) • Traceback (alignment)
11. Local Alignment: Smith-Waterman Algorithm Initialization Step Each row S i,0 is set to 0 Each column S 0,j is set to 0 Same Rule Initialization different Trace backing need attention
12. Local Alignment: Smith-Waterman Algorithm There are two cells having 14. There are multiple alignments producing the maximal alignment score What to consider ? Value in last row means aligned fully
13. Local Alignment: Smith-Waterman Algorithm Two trace back pathway pointers The two local alignments resulting in a score of 14