This document provides an overview of an adaptation to climate change project in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam. The project focuses on introducing Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation technology for rice production. AWD irrigation can reduce water use by 15-30% without yield loss, decrease costs, and increase yields. The project has established AWD demonstration sites and provided training to local farmers. Results show that AWD fields use less water, seeds, and fertilizer but have higher yields than control fields, increasing farmer profits. Initial impacts include increased incomes for farmers and more available irrigation water for the community.

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ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IRRIGATION
4th June 2013
Project: Adaptation to climate change through biodiversity
promotion in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam

2. Page 2
In this presentation:
• Overview of GIZ Bac Lieu project
• Introduction of rice production in Bac Lieu
• Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation (IRRI)
• AWD application in Bac Lieu province
• AWD demonstrations
• AWD training courses
• Results of AWD implementation
• Impacts
GIZ, Bac Lieu, Vietnam

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Contents of the project
• Mangrove rehabilitation
• Erosion control
• Environmental Education
• Local communities
• Aquaculture
• Rice
GIZ, Bac Lieu, Vietnam
- Alternate Wetting and Drying technology (AWD)
- Introduction of Salt Tolerant Rice (STR)

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• Rice production land area:
86,000ha
• 1 – 2 – 3 rice/crop
• 1 rice – shrimp
29.05.2013
Map source: CLUES project
Rice production in Bac Lieu
~15.000 ha of rice in the province are
threatened by salt intrusion 2010
Not enough water to keep rice fields continuously flooded
⇒ Which technology can help farmers cope with water shortage?
H6

5. Slide 4
H6 were
HA, 5/20/2013

6. Page 5
AWD Irrigation (IRRI)
Safe AWD = Irrigate when water is 15 cm below the surface
Keep the field flooded (3-5cm): flowering and 20 days after sowing
(Source: IRRI)

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Research at IRRI confirm:
According to IRRI, AWD
application can:
• Reduce pumping times/cost by
25%
• Reduce water input by 15-30%
without yield loss
• Reduce rate of lodge
• Increase yield due to the
lodging reduced (from 20% to
10%)
• Facilitate harvesting by using
machine
• Reduce greenhouse gas,
particularly methane
• Be able to use safely on
moderate Acid sulfate soils
AWD Irrigation (IRRI)

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AWD Application in Bac Lieu
Since 2010, in cooperation with PPsD in Bac Lieu carry out
• AWD demo sites: 21 demo sites in 5 districts (21ha)
Input Monitoring : irrigation water, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labor
Output Monitoring: yield and quality
• AWD Training courses: based on “1 must 5 reductions program”,
focus on AWD technology
21 demo sites in 5 districts (21ha)
21 training classes in 5 districts (840 farmers)
8 times of training/crop (8 days)
since 2010

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• Land preparation
• Field channels for irrigation and drainage
• Land leveling
• Crack plowing
• Good puddling
• Good bund establishment
• Seed sowing
• Certified seed usage
• Line sowing/transplanting
• Rice plant care
AWD Application in Bac Lieu

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Water saving period (days after sowing)
0-10 10-30 30-40 40-55 55-65 85-100
X X X X
In Bac Lieu, irrigation should be done when water level retreats to 10m deep below
the surface to prevent adverse impacts of acid sulfate soil
0-10 DAS 30- 40 DAS 55 -65 DAS 85-100 DAS
AWD Application in Bac Lieu
• Water irrigation

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• AWD training for farmers
• AWD technology based on 1 Must 5 Reductions
• Rice production as to the criteria of VietGAP
• Field ecosystem observation, diseases realization and prevention
• Rice samples collection, yield evaluation and calculation
AWD Application in Bac Lieu

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Indicators
(Average)
AWD Control Difference Average
save
($/ha)
Remarks
Seed (kg/ha) 98,9 146,9 - 48 28,8
Water saving
(times)
6 9 - 3 12,03
Fertilizer (kg) 423,9 462,1 - 38,2 15,29
Insecticide
spraying (times)
6,4 9,1 - 2,7 41,7
Number of
panicle/m2
519,4 523,6 - 4,2
Number of fulfilled
grain/panicle
82,2 73,5 + 8,7
Yield (tons/ha) 7,01 6,72 + 0,29
AWD application results
(14 demo sites in Winter – Spring 2012 – 2013)

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More
benefit?

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Average cost and returns
Winter- Spring 2012- 2013 (dry season)
Revenue ($/ha)
Total production
cost ($/ha)
Net profit ($/ha)
ITEMS Control fieldAWD field
1,860 1,760
965
895
1,136
624
Difference ($/ha) 271

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Impacts – Up-scaling
Farmer: income increased thanks to decreasing cost production and
knowledge improved on rice production
Community: more water available for irrigation and less social tension
when water becomes scarce
Environment: GHG emission reduced (particularly Methane)
Up-scaling
More farmers to get AWD technique
AWD to be integrated on the plan of DARD/MARD
Media to be involved
First impacts:
840 farmers were trained AWD technology
AWD is applied in 753 ha field

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Thank you for your attention!
29.05.2013