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Module 13 - Special Senses: Eye and Ear
1. Special Senses: Eye and Ear
By Ryan Atkins
Biology 120 – Medical Terminology
Module 13
2. Pressure Equalizing Tube
Abbreviation: PE Tube
Also called “ear tubes”, these devices are small cylinders that are surgically inserted into the
eardrum to prevent the accumulation of fluids behind the eardrum.
Often the PE tubes will fall out on their own after approximately 6-12 months and require no
further intervention, but in some cases they may need to be surgically removed.
3. Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat
Abbreviation: EENT
Easily confused with ENT, which stands for “Ear, Nose, and Throat” but excludes eyes.
4. Bone Conduction
Abbreviation: BC
Used to describe the conduction of sounds to the inner ear via the bones of the skull rather than
the eardrum.
This technique can be used for individuals with hearing disabilities, although normally abled
individuals can also use bone conduction devices.
6. Otitis Media
Abbreviation: OM
Ot/o – Ear
-itis – Inflammation
Media – Middle
An infection of the middle ear, more common in children than adults, that generally resolves itself
but can also be treated with antibiotics in severe cases or for individuals with otherwise weakened
or compromised immune systems.
7. Emmetropia
Abbreviation: EM
A relaxed state of the eye, in which the focus is on an object more than 6 meters away.
The light rays entering the eye are roughly parallel and so they are focused on the retina without
any extra effort.
8. Exotropia
Abbreviation: XT
A form of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both of the eyes are turned outward.
The opposite of esotropia, or cross-eyed.
Exotropia may be intermittent or constant, and can be observed in all age groups, genders, and
races.
10. Extraocular Movement
Abbreviation: EOM
Regarding the six muscles of each eye controlled by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI which coordinate
the movement of the eyes.
The six muscles are: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique,
and inferior oblique.
Additionally, the levator palpebrae superioris is responsible for retracting and elevating the eyelid.
11. Visual Acuity
Abbreviation: VA
The sharpness or clarity of vision.
Visual acuity is most commonly tested by having a patient read a series of letters or numbers of
decreasing size from a fixed distance.
“Perfect” visual acuity is most commonly referred to as 20/20 vision.