Basic photography

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Saint Joseph-Carmona Marriage Encounter Prayer Group

History of Photography
The coining of the word "Photography" has been attributed in 1839 to Sir
John Herschel based on the Greek φῶς (phos), (genitive: phōtós) meaning
"light", and γραφή (graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning
"drawing with light“.
Photography is the result of combining several different technical
discoveries. Long before the first photographs were made, Chinese
philosopher Mo Ti and Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid described
a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.



Chapter 1
Types of Photography



Aerial- standing tall above the subject, or shooting from a tall building, plane, etc...



Architecture- shots of buildings (no people) .



Artistic- any shot of a subject where creativity is the number 1 goal.



Black and White - aka... B&W, working with no color.



Camera Phone- low quality, anytime, anywhere photography.



Event- Concerts, large parties, gatherings.



Macro- photographing very small, or very up close images. Very detailed.



Nature- Land, water, plants and animals



Panoramic- Wide view of the subject (often used with large group shots, or landscape
shots).



Underwater- any subject captured underwater... Caution- must have waterproof camera,
or waterproof housing for your camera.




No matter the type of photography, the point is to have
fun, and to be able to look back on your images and
remember important moments in life. But my point is,
might as well make them the best "looking" moments as
possible =) So as for photography just for a "hobby" no
need to worry yourself wondering what type of picture
your taking, as long as you're enjoying it. No harm in
learning some interesting photography terms though,
maybe you can sound like a pro too!



Chapter 2
Types of Photographer




You love learning the ins and outs of the technique
of photography. You can be found setting up a
dozen lights, in search of that perfect ratio. You
know the exact time of day when the sun sets and
produces the most beautiful tones for your images.
You are on a quest to master composition, and are
intimately aware of all the functions and features of
your gear.



You adore studying photography and can often be
found in the Photography section of your local
bookstore or library. You have shelves of books
ranging from technical manuals to inspiring art
collections. You’re fascinated with the history of
photography, and love learning about the different
photographers who helped shape the craft.




Photography is your work. You’re always
thinking about what new products you can
create for your clients, and the creative ways to
market your services. You excel at
communicating the value of what you do, and
work hard to keep your business organized and
productive.



You love the social aspect that photography
provides. You frequent photography forums, and
love getting to know the other members and
joining their discussions. You go to photo meet
ups, and have tons of photo friends on different
social media sites. You value the community and
camaraderie of photography.



You use photography as a way to document life.
You’re the one at all the events with a camera in
hand, recording the special moments around
you. You have years and years of photos, and
love to spend time looking through them and
enjoying the memories they stir up.




You are passionate about doing good and
helping others, and see photography as a way
to achieve that. You like to use your photos to
create change, to spread a message, and to
make a difference.



Chapter 3
Types of Camera



Types of Camera
Web cams/phone cams: Most Web and phone cams (like the one shown in
this figure) can’t do serious digital photography. Phone cameras can snap
quick, convenient pictures — but not quality ones.

Point-and-shoot models: Point-and-shoot digital cameras can do anything a
simple film camera can do. This figure shows a typical point-and-shoot
model. Use point-and-shoot cameras for simple picture taking.



Types of Camera
Intermediate models: Intermediate digital cameras (see this figure) are the
most widely used. They have the best compromise of features to suit most
consumer needs. Intermediate cameras offer some useful features.

Advanced consumer models: These cameras (like the one in this figure) are
aimed at those who want some special features.
Advanced consumer cameras usually require a session or two with the
instruction manual to master all their capabilities. Get an advanced
consumer model for more bells and whistles.



Types of Camera
Amateur dSLR models: Prosumer digital SLR cameras (see this figure) are the
models that photo buffs and even a few professional photographers favor.
The key differences between high-priced prosumer digital SLR cameras and
professional digital SLR cameras are resolution, speed, and ruggedness. Prosumer
cameras are just a step away from professional-quality.



Types of Camera
Professional [Advance models]: These high-end models (like the one in this
figure) are the equal of their film camera counterparts in every way. If you want
the best, go for a professional digital camera.



Chapter 4
5 Things You Should Consider
Before Getting a DSLR



5 Things You Should Consider Before Getting a DSLR
1. Type of Photography
One of the first things to consider when buying a DSLR is the type of photography
practiced by you. Whether you mostly shoot weddings, or family events, schools
events or just at random, the type of photography greatly influences the type of
camera to use for the purpose.



2. Professional or Hobbyist?



3. Maintenance of a DSLR



4. Price



5. Funding your DSLR
Stock images are used by advertising agencies and people to complement their
projects. These shots are taken mostly in-studio, some out, depicting models doing
one action or another that can be used to supplement any written material in the
right context, for example, an executive talking on phone, jewellery photographs,
etc.
Selling prints gives the user the option to sell their images to people who would
want to hang it on their walls at their home or office. Selling prints is far more
difficult as it needs the photographer to be passionate about his photograph and
come with results that amaze the peer – rendering the impulse in them to hang
such a photograph on their wall.
Users can also put their lens up for rent – though it might be a risky business and
will require users to use their own judgement when picking the people who want
to rent the lens. Finally, the user can always shoot portraits, weddings and
commercial photographs, taking money for each shoot. Do it well enough, and you
can even earn your livelihood with it.


Chapter 5

Basic Parts of DSLR



Basic Parts of DSLR
External



Basic Parts of DSLR
Internal



Chapter 6

Understanding Camera
Exposure


Understanding Camera Exposure



1. Understand what "exposure of the image" is and how will it affect your
photographs. Exposure is an umbrella term that refers to two aspects of photography
– it is referring to how to control the lightness and the darkness of the image.



2. Learn about the "f-stop". "F-stop" (also called "f-number") means fraction and the
f-number is the fraction of the actual opening in the lens compared to the focal
length of the lens. The aperture is the opening light passes through.



3. Study your digital camera's "manual exposure" mode. In the manual mode you
can set both the f-stop and shutter speed. If you really want to control the light, the
exposure, and how the picture works, you need to learn to know how to use the
manual exposure mode; it's not just for the propeller heads and the guys who still
shoot film! Manual mode is still viable today even with digital because it's really how
you control the look and feel of your picture.



4. Understand why you would want to change the exposure. The aperture is really
important to control the picture; it lets in the light, and the light is the most important
thing for your picture. Without light, you won't have a picture.



5. Understand why you would want to change the ISO. You change the ISO on your digital
camera to control the camera's sensitivity to light. In bright light, we set the camera to be
less sensitive, to give us a picture with less noise since the shutter speed is fast enough at
100 ISO. In low light where there's less ambient light, you need more sensitivity in the
camera. Therefore, raise the ISO from 100 to possibly 1600 or even 6400 if you have to, to
get enough light in so that the picture isn't blurry. Now, what's the payback? As you raise
the ISO, you get more noise (the film equivalent being grain) in the picture and less color,
so be sure to set the ISO as low as possible without having the ISO too low that you end up
with blurry pictures.



6. Stop action by changing the shutter speed on your camera. Change the shutter speed
on your camera to affect the action-stopping ability. If you're shooting a picture with your
camera hand-held, you will need a shutter speed that as fast as or faster than the
reciprocal of your focal length. In other words, if you were shooting on a 100mm lens, a
shutter speed of 1/100 of a second would be optimal. Camera blur can be eliminated at
these speeds.



7. If you are shooting moving subjects, change your shutter speed to a shutter speed
that ranges from 1/500 to 1/1000 to stop the moving subjects.



8. If shooting pictures in low light, where you need more light to come in through the
shutter, set the shutter speed to a thirtieth or a fifteenth of a second. When you do this,
the action is going to blur, so use thirty or fifteen when there's low light or when you want
the action to blur



Chapter 7

Types of Lens



Types of Lens

Fisheye (12mm or less)

Standard (35-85mm)

Wide Angle (18-30mm)

Special Types of Lenses

Telephoto (100-300mm) Super Telephoto (300mm or more)

Chapter 8

Basic Maintenance



Basic Maintenance
Body Cap and Lens Cap

This is a biggie, and is perhaps one of the
most important things to remember. If
you put your camera in your camera bag
or anywhere else for a long period of time
without the lens on or the copy cap, dust
and debris will hit the sensor. What that
means is then you’ll have lots of crap all
over your images.
We’ve seen people take their camera,
unscrew the lens, and put the camera in
their pocket without a body cap.
Do not, ever, EVER do this. Always make
sure that there is something protecting
your sensor.



Basic Maintenance
Memory Cards

If your camera is turned on, don’t open the card port
door or take the memory card out. It can corrupt the
camera’s programming software inside. Though it’s rare
that this may happen, don’t expect your warranty to
help you if it does.


Basic Maintenance
The Viewfinder


If you think that your camera is
misfocusing, check the viewfinder
first. There is a little wheel or knob
on the side called the diopter. Look
through the viewfinder, and adjust
it accordingly until everything you
see in the viewfinder is crystal
clear.

Basic Maintenance
Battery Life Enhancements
There are lots of things that you can do to prolong the life of your camera’s
battery:
- Dim the screen
- Keep your ISO levels lower. Higher ISO levels need more power going to the
sensor, and also may cause it to overheat.
- Select a single autofocus point. If you give your camera some sort of direction or
idea of where you want it to focus, it can do the rest. But if it just scans a scene, it
may take longer or use more juice, or not focus on what you want it to. In which
case, you’ll need to refocus.
- Let the camera go to sleep faster
- Buy a faster memory card. Slower memory cards make the processor work
harder



Basic Maintenance
Proper Holding

Holding your camera properly will ensure that it does slip
out of your hands. Use a strap and make sure that you cup
the underside of the lens and hold the grip tightly.


Chapter 9

Post Processing



Basic photography

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