Offshore Windpower projects and technology around Taiwan island. Floating stations, innovation for piles and systems.

1. Taiwan 24th and 25th january 2013. Taipei Offshore Wind Development Forum 2013
This network expect to improve oportunities in Green Technologies business.
International Clean Energy & Sustainability Network http://www.icesn.com
8h30 Opening by Mr Robert Yie-Zu Hu, Researcher.
Industrial Technology Research Institute. TWEA.
Taiwanese Offshore Farms are on the top of world's systems. The total of potential is more than
147 Gw around Taiwan. Feasible is around 3 Gw within 2015. 20 years price garantee for feed-in-
tariff. Offshore demonstration incentive program on-going. Offshore zonal development is under
planning. Three demonstration Wind Farms, but only qualified projects will get incentives.
However it is possible to make independant projets without incentives.
Typhoons are a major security problem here in Taiwan, as well as hearthquakes. Environment
impact, risks and infrastructures matters are under review for each project submitted to
taiwanese government. Even if the government says it is not under his control, representatives
are asked to share results and investigations. A lot of countries have much experience and are
welcome to come here in Taiwan to help development.
8h45 Panel discussion, Offshore Wind Projects, programs and incentives. How to speed up
development?
Moderator, Mr Mathias Steck SVP for Asia Pacific wind projects.
Panel: Mr Wei-Hsien Lu, Mr Jong Hoon Lee, Mr Michael Wang, Mr Tommy Fukuda.
Mr Wei-Hsien Lu, Senior Engineer.
A map shows already on-going project in green countries like China, India, Australia, Japan and
Taiwan. Other, located around Philipines ans Indonesia have to setup projects.
Korea have developed Industry support structure with Public Domain, Private Domain and
Developer with givernment. It is called Office of Offshore Wind Power. Korea have just launched a
brand new installation. Total 283 turbines for 472 MW. Vestas, Accionas are the two majors
actors. 5 actors are participating to the Offshore Wind Farm project 2.5 Gw at the western coast
of Korea.
5 Gw instalation is on-going with 4 Gw Offshore and 1 Gw inshore. The Government is support
this development. Test beds, ports and infrastructures are involved for support. Government want
to setup an efficient Policy and several topics are under discussion. Long term planning is one of
them. Actually around 20 Gw are highly feasible.
Mr Tommy Fukuda, japanese projects.
Achieving 50 Gw will be around 2050, with half offshore (and fifteen percent founding offshore).
Demonstrations are already functionning, Choshi and Hibikinada locations. Floating projects are
also scheduled for 2013. Fukushima demonstration project and Goto island in Nagasaki. East
coast has a good situation for connecting to Tokyo power network. In Goto, Wind Mills have a 78
m depth foundation.

2. Mr Michael Wang, Taiwan Generation Corporation.
In total thirty turbines are under project around Taiwan. The Government is wiling to have new
technology coming into the local projects. The Government have not yet come to an agreement
about wich technology to choose and how to make the decision. This is why consulting part is
actually important to give help to developers and Government. It means for foreign companies to
have more ambitious projects for working in Taiwan.
Mr Jong Hoon Lee.
About consulting matters: the most important is to remove political barriers and coordinate the
offices involved in the discussions around green energies. Bureau of Energy have pointed out the
main problems for the Green Energy Development. There is no restriction to invest in projects
with foreign funds, but the Governement thinks it is a good oportunity for local development of
industry.
The moderator asks if it is possible to organise international sharing of equipments for
development of installation.
The answer about Korean projects is a small market and installation vessels for that projects
would be two or three.
Question to Mr Fukuda about japanese point of view concerning taiwanese futur development:
Japan is focused on japanese market and Offshore projects are considered to be setup around it's
coastal area.
Question about installation vessel to Mr Wang: Taiwan is looking for solution of local made
installation vessel with new technologies that could come with foreign participation.
Conclusion for moderator: we know that Offshore technology has risks and opportunities and this
is why the next session must study this important aspect of ambitious projects.
9h45 Risks, Wind farms and Offshore operations.
Mr Ming-Chang Wu, Technical service Bureau veritas.
Mitigation of risk in Offshore Wind projects in Veritas experience.
The offer of Bureau Veritas is connected to technology projects and insurance companies
amongst other clients.
It is more a global company than french. Experience comes from Marine and Offshore
installations like Oil platforms, flexible cables. Certification is recognised by several leading
countries. All this experience is ready to be used for Offshore Wind Power. The first certification
was delivered in 1974 for fixed platforms. Floating and fixed plateforms are included in BV offer
for assesment and verification. Components are checked for better knowledge on working
attitude. Hydroanalysis is made with advance software calculation. Also the structure can be
tested by modeling elements.
Certifications are listed conresponding to specific structure and components. It is including other
technologies with Offshore location. Rules and tools are also a concern for software based
troules.
There are not many standard for Offshore systems and assesments of Wind Turbines. The
knowledge from experience in Offshore verification is reliable for Offshore Power Systems.

3. 11h00 Challenges and Strategies for Offshore wind projects.
Mr Dayton A Griffin, Business director Renewable Energies.
Technical challenges and Mitigation Strategies. DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability is a company
starting by association. It has offices in most interesting parts of the world and Wind farms
actually functionning. It is a global leader in wind energy advisory, testing and certification
services.
Offshore Wind farms are getting larger, build on deeper water and this is leading to new
challenges. These projects have higher costs in term of Construction and turbines cost.
Wind Energy still uncertain due to wind ressource, losses like turbulences. Transparency of
Energy estimate also might be enhanced. It seems that cross technologies are better than using
only one technology. Wind evaluation shows variations that are the cause of Energy loss, it is just
not produced but remain a loss.
For project timelines, Western type is quite long, roughly five years. It is compressing, but is not
as fast as asian projects.
For Wind measurement it is important to consider the shape of structure and its heigh. Wind
turbine have long pipe as support. Also, an oil plateform may have effect on Wind Farm Power
plant efficiency. Various approaches used for a single project may have better results for
reliability, and also it is important to realise that each project has unique parameters.
Technology changes, rotors are now around 1.8 m and blades need full bed boats to carry out
installation. Control technology is reaching industry level for a better commercial hability.
Maintenance is limited by one third because of weather conditions, it must be taken into account
while studying cost. Any logistic constrain may turn into week of delay in changing some parts.
The weak link will always be found during operation and it will brake. Any case of maintenance
may lead to major energy loss while high winds should be the moment for best production.
Advisory role is to study each parameter and evaluate the influence of failure in term of
exploitation.
Some new players have limited experience. Return of investment depends on wind power and its
stability.
The question of Onshore testing for Offshore turbines structure makes appear a dilemna between
testing cost and testing reliability. Is a protype is tested Offshore it will lead to hight cost. But
testing fundation on the ground appears strange for a structure that is supposed to work
Offshore.
The answer of the speaker says that it is possible to test Inshore for Offshore structure.
11h45 New generation turbines.
Mr Frederic Hendrick, ALSTOM Wind SLU.
The new machine of ALSTOM respond to simple key words: Robust, Simple, Efficient. The
coupling technology helps to keep only rotating power to be transmitted to the rotor, and banding
load is transmitted to the structure. Only the torque is passing through the coupling, Pure Torque.
Offshore gear boxes is not reliable and is out of question actullay. Each gear box needs
maintenance and it does not bring to much trouble Inshore but would be very touchy Offshore.
Energy yield is leading the cost of Wind machine. A larger rotor brings a better reliability and
15% more energy efficiency. Three converters are actually used for the new machine and it does
not stop producing if one fails. The main of new design is to avoid the machie to stop totally
because of failure because this means waiting for good weather condition to operate
maintenance.

4. Mono pipe, even well designed is showing failure because of fatigue. Then jacket have been
choosen for new windmills Héliade 150 - 6 Mw.
Offshore projects of St Nazaire 480 Mw, Courseuil 450 Mw, Fécamp 500 Mw with DONG will start
in 2016. Nacelles and generators will be build in St Nazaire and Cherbourg.
Question about Typhoon raise the problem of these weather extreme conditions. It is considered
as 'Force majeure" by a german builder. Wind is supposed to be around 50 m/s and if it increase
untill 200 m/s it might be a matter of 'Force majeure' for ALSTOM too.
Question about basement for pipe: the base is supposed to deal with soil condition and might not
cause any trouble in design.
14h00 Offshore Wind farm Design.
Mr Bernard Casey, Offshore engineering, Mainstream Renewable Power.
Cost Effective Fabrication and Installation. Developing Horizon and three other projects for
Offshore Generation. Cost breakdown is essential for investors to know what are target cost.
Project cost, Electrical, Turbine and fundation. Fundation choice is linked to the location which is
elected and also deconstruction, maintenance will be affected. Schedule is organized from 2010
until 2018 when the first Giga watt will be produced. The study include Geophysical survey,
Bathymetry and Bedforms. Metocean data collection is about wave, current and wind within the
area of interest. Depending to water depths, the project is created virtualy to compare the
location of Wind Machine lines. Preliminary design of fundation types are changing from monopile
and four legged jacket toward Twinstone jacket and concrete gravity based. Geotechnical
investigation helps to create a model of ground for each line of machines. Tripod leg system is
based on pipes that are installed from the structure toward the ground. Two sections are placed
in each guide. The first pipe to be installed is right in the middle and will be used as a guide for
the main boddy. Up to 9 meters high waves have hit the structure. During 2012, data collection
from accelerator sensors were under review for this first demonstration.
14h45 Challenges in Offshore solutions.
Mr Lutz Mertschat, Sales Manager, Menck Gmbh.
Menck & Acteon Offshore Renewables is specialist from all kind of Offshore piles from non deep
water to 2000 m floating structures. 40 years of experience in Offshore solutions. Engineering,
tools and others services are provided to make projects successful. With the partners of
professional providers, the MENCK company have an excellent reputation. Hammers enable to
install every kind of piles. 500 tons capacity hammer is needed to install the biggest kind of pile.
Adapters have a specific diameter for installing the structure. Other solution, wich can handle
various diameter need more investment. The Offshore Wind segment focuses on renewable
energy exploration using monopiles, tripods, jackets and suction caisson.
Geotechnics mainly is separated in two phases and will enable complete study of the piles. The
type of pile will be choosen according to water depth within solutions from gravity, monopile,
suction caisson, tripod and tripod with suction caisson. Deep water will lead to floating structure.
For mono pile, the hammer is visible and works above the water level. When installing jacket, the
hammer is handled by cable and runs deep under the sea level. Partnership is enabeling success
of complex projects.

5. 15h15 Prospect for Offshore Wind Farms.
Mr Mathias Steck, GL Hassan.
Offshore project starts with feasibility, and a complete offer for each step.
Market predictions UK, Germany and France are the highest investors during this decade. Asia
and America will be untill 2022. With much experience and better vessels the cost per Mw might
decrease again after rising because of investment in new solutions. Installing caps will make the
work easier and smaller hammers will be necessary because piles have not large anymore with
multipile.
Modeling is under review because several solutions availables. Wind turbine will be designed by
complete software. Certification will be possible through GL company.
A vessel cost around one dollar per day when operating, and new concept of supply vessels is to
come. A major demand in Europe. More clever projects will come for support boats used to bring
teams on the spot.
Risk management makes possible to optimise operations and define the project with various
parameters including climate, type of vessels, crew and more. Constraints can be studied
according to regulations and limitations like waves, winds, and weather conditions. By experience
and statistics, project delay can be 50% longer but probability of shorter time is 90%. Working
conditions may vary from situation when everyboddy can work on various tasks during
construction to other while only one operation at time can be achieved.
It means no boat can move around except the one involved in this task.
Taipei 25th january
8h30 Taiwan first Offshore Wind demonstration project.
Taiwan Generation Corp.
Offshore Wind Development goal for 2030 3000 Mw. 20 years plan is encouraging Taiwan
electricity company to get into Wind Power. A test zone as been set away from shore for
environment protection. The site is located in Changhua, West coast. From site selection to test
zone use, a detailed process helped to drive the project. Fuhai Offshore Windfarm is expected to
be commercial in Decembre 2016.
TGC as been awarded as first place winner for the government grant scheme.
Permits and Consents are delivered after complying with 14 criterias. Amongst them, aviation
safety and technical requierements. Feasibility studies and semi-Offshore test zone are included
in the process. Extreme winds probability to break the machine is 0.36 %, this IEC Class IA
turbine type.
Near-shore and Further-shore soils are under review and graphics give information about how it
is. Installing process using hammers produce some noise that may disturb sea animals like
dolphins. In order to be ecology friendly, noise impact is reduced by using smaller pipe diameter
for the jacket and fundation. It is also easier for local providers to produce the steel elements.
Construction Execution Structure is based on engineer participation to each step of processes.
The first row of tasks is about Feasibiltiy, Finance, Construction team and Marine Operations with
vessels. Vessels will later be used for other Offshore projects around Taiwan. Turbines are
designed for taiwanese wind conditions, including full study of technical details.

6. 9h00 Offshore Wind Turbine technology.
Moderator Mr Rob A J Van Basten Batenburg, Director, Marwind group.
Offshore, Consulting and Finance. Business Strategy and Development. Installation and
Maintenance Company. Marketing Support and Windpark efficiency analysis.
Panel: Mr Huseyin Kizilagac, Mr Ramon Terrones, Mr Frederic Hendrick, (Mr Zen-Jey Guey).
Mr Ramon Terrones, GAMESA.
Question about new technologies for Wind machines. Maintenance difficulties will lead to develop
more reliable turbines because costs are too high. From 100 M USD for Inshore project, Offshore
cost is up to 300 M USD.
Prevented Maintenance would reduce cost and it has been said several time that bringing the
wrong parts or any element may harm the maintenance efficiency. There is a feeling that there is
still much to learn in Offshore conditions, the technology is still very young.
Turbines has been hit by Typhoon in Taiwan and Cuba. Now the Class 1 project are designed for
winds up to 260 km/h. It's up to 80 m/s speed. Fundation and type of pipe are important
specificities for extreme condition resistance. Above 25 m/s the machine may stop because it is
becoming to dangerous for the mecanism. Around 70 m/s wind speed, the turbine is stopped
already a long time ago. Waves or anything hitting the blades would be a disaster. Even if pitch is
helping the safety of the machines there is still a delay for rotation. This may be enough for
heavy damage to occur.
Mr Frederic Hendrick, ALSTOM.
Moving to the Offshore sector. Energy driver is an issue and 45% cost is about the turbine.
Turbine is the point that already shows the best technological evolution. The oportunity of using
ship even in difficult sea condition may reduce the costs. Direct drive instead of gearboxes will
solve the reliability issue. Much maintenance time is used for changing gearboxes.
The design of the new turbine allow to use it in any conditions. The software part is adapting
turbine to wind conditions, regardless the location, and it is important to keep in mind that each
project have wind specific data.
Class 1 and 2 can survive typhoons because there is a pitch system for changing blades angle.
The problem is more about turbulences than wind speed, but of course it is linked to wind speed
and location. Impact of Typhoon is also on the pipe and big typhoon is considered to have waves
up to 22 m maximum. Then, the Wind Farm may resist up to 20 m, wich is typhoon normal wave.
A Floating version of the turbine is already made. Access of turbines is always possible by
helicopter, but the cost seems so high that every other solution should be used before using air
access.
Comment: also frequency limit may damage the machine because it can be caused by blade
reaction. Safety system is designed to put rotor i safe condition while typhoons occur.
Comment: Safety for blades and rotors is an important task for electronic monitoring system. It is
actually possible to make blades ready for pitch change in extreme conditions.
10h45 Japan Floating project.
Mr Tommofumi Fukuda, integrator, Fukushima Floating project.
Marubeni Corporation is a very large company involved in food, energy, even mining and more.

7. Due to Tsunami that hit the east coast a large part of the shore and energy portfolio have
changed. Only two nuclear power plants are still active. The Government have decided to rise
Green energy for 10 to 30% in Japan. Renewable energy will come from new technologies
because hydro power is already efficient and to the maximum. Wind is a major solution for power
generation with 22 yen/Kw to 26 yen/Kw. It is not easy to promote Inshore power solution
because agricultural land can not be used for Wind power. Offshore is then the next project for
Japanese power. Also supporting Fukushima reconstruction. Away from the coast, the ressource
for Wind generation gets better. The high quality of the ressource comes from stability. There is
no constraint for transmission line capacity because Floating project can be connected to the
main electric bone. This summer, a floating substation will be ready in July. Right in front of the
Fukushima nuclear plant will be installed four floater in a 120 m water depth zone. It has six
chains. The floater is 30 m under the sea but the deepest port of japan is 20 m. Yokohama
factory will build the equipement and it will be transported toward Tokyo. It is the first floating
wind power substation and it will be connected together by a new type of cable made by
Hitachi. Embeded monitoring system will give information about sea condition for fishermen. The
second floater will also being installed during this summer. It has only 6 m depth and can be
assembled in any port of Japan. It has 6 chains.
For technical point of view and cost efficiency it would be better to make the Offshore windpower
floating stations really bigger.
Japanese Government has two main goals: developing renewable energy and creating
employement to recover the dammages from Fukushima disaster. The 2 Mw substation is under
construction and the second stage with bigger machine will follow.
There was a strong opposition from fisher corporation. It must be set some rules for ship to fish
around these platforms. It might be more fish coming around. Fisher only agree for
demonstration of floating stations. It might move if it not possible to start Energy production on
this site.
The project have very short time development because it came right after Fukushima disaster.
The design of floater is changing almost every week and some are showing poor abilities to keep
stability.
Earthquake impact is reduced by using floating systems, while fixed pile would probably be
dammaged.
11h30 Improving Supply Chain.
(Mr Huseyin Kizigalac, Business development. BDP Project Logistics Gmbh.)
Mr Dayton A Griffin, DNV KEMA.
Mr Joong Lee, KETEP. Haico Van Der HAIJDEN, ECN Nederland. Mr Bernard Casey, Mainstream
Renewable Power.
Logistic for Wind Farms can be supported by Government like is will be done by British. There will
be deep water harbours build on the east coast. Larger storage facilities are needed for
equipement and maintenance.
Major components to be build locally for better convenience.
Access from the shore to the turbine might be considered very early in the project. It may be
easier in Taiwan and Japan due to the island shape. Building Power station away from the
exploitation site might create public questions because the cost of transporting the equipments.
For exemple cost might rise if equipment needs supply from permanent magnet or fiber because
it would in competition with Fast train or Aerospace Industry.
Building equipments very close to the Windfarm is much better for cost reasons. But some
components must come from other coutries in most of Wind Farm projects.

8. Taiwan project is looking into the solution of a regional wharehouse that would provide the whole
asian market. Any parts should be considered to be available for maintenance since the
generation will stop if some parts are missing.
Setting a standardisation for size and type of parts must be considered because various
dimensions will lead to stockage and higher cost to maintenance operations.
Closing comment: by observing trends, the Wind Power generation industry is competing for
ressources with other industries. They probably did not plan to, and also the new type of
Industries rising up these years may also join the market.
14h00 Offshore Maintenance.
Mr Haico Van Der Heijden. Business development. ECN.
ECN start in 1955. This Energy Center is working on Wind power since 1974. Test zone for
turbines up to 7.5 Mw. Interacting with one another, Wind turbines can not be considered as unit,
but farms. There is a center for Offshore activities in Netherlands. Possibilities for Offshore
Energy are to be prepared with tests, measurement and maps. Harsh weather conditions and
access to turbines are important parameters for projects. The distance between turbines will
determine how much it cost to make maintenance. Optimisation is linked to distance, geography,
and weather conditions. Operational maintenance will be determined by a complete analysis.
Scheduling maintenance operation and spare parts availability will help to reach the minus cost.
The request from Industry is to lower down the costs.
Example of Taiwan: Vessels, Ports and Location, Costs, Duration and Logistics. Maintainability,
cabling costs, predictive, preventive and failure expectations.
Maping the weather is an essential step. Season, Climate change and Wind maps are important
studies. Wind turbine influence on the line of Wind Power machines. Advance turbine control
enables better safety in case of Typhoons. Wind Farm control allows to lower the load on the
turbines and also improve the production of the turbine.
New design for floating system enables inspection from inside the floaters because this is empty
wells.
14h45 Wind Turbine installations.
Mr Ramon Terrones, Regional Director Asia-Pacific. GAMESA.
Mega turbines and Technology changes. With an international workforce, more than 25 Gw were
installed so far. Energy, Windturbines and Services are the main activities of GAMESA. Latin
America seems to be the best market for 2013 while other continents are not really enthousiast
because of their economy. Offshore windpower is growing 32% annually. Onshore projects are
not in good position in Taiwan and the major part of Windpower development will be Offshore.
Offshore is not only Wind and Water, but ocean conditions. Larger turbines and larger farms in
deeper water will be the next market trend. The need for larger equipment comes with the
higher costs of installing and maintenance.
Choose reliable first, improve conditions and find specialised skills. Make better maintenance by
knowing what health conditions of each system. Prevent failure by efficient schedule for
interventions.

9. By using new design with attached crane on each nacelle it is possible to reduce costs on big
maintenance for heavy components. Drive train, generator, transformer and the hub can be
extracted with the embeded crane.
Published by RDM-ROW http://slideshare.net/reporter Dominique Deschamps