1. Music in the Early 20th
Century:
The Hegemony of Paris and Vienna
Musical “Nationalism” in the early
20th
century:
The dominant role played by
developments in Paris and Vienna
relegated other musical centers to
the status of “other”
Nevertheless, music thrived
throughout Europe
Regional approaches were free to
respond to developments originating
in Paris and Vienna, or cultivate a
unique “folk” or “national” style
2. Hungary – Béla Bartók (1881-1945)
Music with a “folk” idiom (father of
ethnomusicology), as well as a neo-
classical orientation
Influenced by 19th
-century German
composers as well as Debussy
6 String Quartets
Concertos and Sonatas
Opera and Ballet
Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celeste
Concerto for Orchestra
3. Bohemia –Leoš Janácek (1854-1928)
Primarily known for his operas,
which contain a strong folk element,
and, technically, extend in the line of
continuous, integrated opera,
associated with Weber, and Wagner
4. Italy – Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)
La Bohème (1896)
Tosca (1900)
Madama Butterfly (1904)
Il Trittico (1918)
Turandot
5. The USA
Amy Beach (1867-1944)
Songs, Chamber Music,
Character Pieces, 1 Opera
Aaron Copland
(1900-1990)
Ballet, Songs, Opera, Film
George Gershwin
(1898-1937)
Porgy and Bess
An American in Paris
Countless popular songs
Composed works in a
personal style which
extended both Classical
and Romantic elements
from 19th century music
Cultivated a uniquely
American style, by
utilizing aspects of folk
music and jazz
First American
composer to
successfully integrate
jazz elements within a
classical context
6. The USA
Amy Beach (1867-1944)
Songs, Chamber Music,
Character Pieces, 1 Opera
Aaron Copland
(1900-1990)
Ballet, Songs, Opera, Film
George Gershwin
(1898-1937)
Porgy and Bess
An American in Paris
Countless popular songs
Composed works in a
personal style which
extended both Classical
and Romantic elements
from 19th century music
Cultivated a uniquely
American style, by
utilizing aspects of folk
music and jazz
First American
composer to
successfully integrate
jazz elements within a
classical context