2. PRESENTATION GOALS
COMPARISONS,
COMMERCIALIZATION
CHECK OF OSS
OPEN STACK
OPEN, CLOUD,
HYPERVISOR
3. OPEN SOURCE
Wikipedia - In production and development,
open source is a philosophy, or pragmatic
methodology that promotes free redistribution
and access to an end product's design and
implementation details. Before the phrase open
source became widely adopted, developers and
producers used a variety of phrases to describe
the concept; open source gained hold with the
rise of the Internet, and the attendant need for
massive retooling of the computing source
code.
4. WHAT IS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE?
Open source software is software that is
subject to an open source license.
An open source licensor must give the
licensee certain rights to be considered open
source
Basically, the licensee has the right to use,
modify or distribute the software, and the
right to access the source code.
5. KEY OPEN SOURCE POINTS
Free
Derivate Work Neutral
Redistribution
• Source code must • The recipient must • The license must
be made be allowed to be technology
available. make derivative neutral - no
works discrimination
against systems
6. OPEN LICENSE TYPES
The GPL, or General Public License
•By far the most popular
•No warranty - Disclaimer required
•Any work based on the original OSS program must be licensed as a whole,
at no charge to all third parties, and under the terms of the GPL
The Berkeley Software Distribution license (BSD)
•Like GPL, except that derivative works can be kept proprietary
Mozilla/corporate licenses
•More expertly drafted
•Serve as a model for later commercial licenses
•Different provisions on relicensing
•No copyleft
7. CLOUD
Cloud computing is the
delivery of computing
and storage capacity as
a service to a community of
end-recipients. The name
comes from the use of a
cloud-shaped symbol as an
abstraction for the complex
infrastructure it contains in
system diagrams. Cloud
computing entrusts services
with a user's data, software
and computation over a
network.
8. MAIN FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
On-
demand
self-
service
Broad
Resource
network
pooling
access
CLOUD
COMPUTI
NG
Rapid Measured
elasticity Service
9. CLOUD SERVICES
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing,
storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where
the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can
include operating systems and applications
• Examples of IaaS include: Amazon Cloud Formation, Google Compute
Engine, and RightScale.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the
cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired
applications created using programming languages and tools
supported by the provider.
• Examples of PaaS include: Amazon Elastic
Beanstalk, Google App Engine, and Microsoft Azure.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
• The capability provided to the consumer is to use the
provider’s applications running on a cloud
infrastructure.
• Examples of SaaS include: Google Apps,
Quickbooks Online and Salesforce.com.
10. CLOUD COMPUTING DEPLOYMENT
PRIVATE CLOUD PUBLIC CLOUD HYBRID CLOUD
• The cloud • The cloud • The cloud
infrastructure is infrastructure is infrastructure is a
operated solely for made available to the composition of two or
an organization. It general public or a more clouds (private,
may be managed by large industry group community, or public)
the organization or a and is owned by an that remain unique
third party and may organization selling entities but are
exist on premise or cloud services. bound together by
off premise. standardized or
proprietary
technology that
enables data and
application portability
11. WHAT DO YOU WANT IN IAAS?
Ease of use
Fault tolerance
Low-cost of entry/maintenance
Performance
Ease of expansion
API provisioning
Compatibility with other platforms
Agility / Fast provisioning
12. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF IAAS
Storage
VM Image management
Self service / Web interface
Networking
Fault tolerance
User management
API / Hybrid Cloud Readiness
Installation / Maintenance
13. WHY NOT COMMERCIAL CLOUD SERVICES?
Technology Lockin - One of the concerns for Software Architects while
building applications for cloud is the technology lock-in. For example a
.NET application built for Microsoft Azure services would not be
compatible with Amazon AWS and vice versa. Also cloud applications
designed for Microsoft Azure & Amazon AWS are not directly portable on
premise environments. Basically applications designed for AWS & Azure
are locked in with the provider and you need to spend good amount of
re-engineering efforts to move them out.
Development Costs – If you are planning to develop
applications/services for commercial platforms then you need to have
knowledge of their proprietary SDKs etc. Hence development time goes
up and costs are further increased.
Licensing Costs – Due to the nature of proprietary technology, the cost
of licensing tend to be higher.
Small Development Community – As the cost of development is
higher, small vendors tend to shy away from the development resulting
in small development community.
Compatibility – Commercial vendors usually try to create compatibility
within small group of hardware and software vendors. This may result in
hardware and software compatibility issues for customers.
14. IS OPEN SOURCE THE WAY?
Negligible licensing cost as it is
based on Open Source
It’s based on open source and open
standards. standards. Hence code portability to the
Global development community users. Developers can use existing python,
High level of compatibilities perl or GEMs to port their applications to
Cloud.
Low development cost as no upfront cost of
licenses/knowledge upgrade.
16. HYPERVISOR
A hypervisor, also called virtual
machine manager (VMM), is one of
many hardware virtualization
techniques allowing multiple
operating systems, termed guests,
to run concurrently on a host
computer. It is so named because it
is conceptually one level higher
than a supervisory program. The
hypervisor presents to the guest
operating systems a virtual
operating platform and manages
the execution of the guest operating
systems. Multiple instances of a
variety of operating systems may
share the virtualized hardware
resources. Hypervisors are very
commonly installed on server
hardware, with the function of
running guest operating systems,
that themselves act as servers.
Source: wikipedia.org
17. OPEN STACK
The project aims to deliver solutions for all types of clouds by
being simple to implement, massively scalable, and feature rich.
The technology consists of a series of interrelated projects
delivering various components for a cloud infrastructure solution.
Who's behind OpenStack? Founded by Rackspace Hosting and
NASA, OpenStack has grown to be a global software community
of developers collaborating on a standard and massively scalable
open source cloud operating system.
Who uses OpenStack? Corporations, service providers, VARS,
SMBs, researchers, and global data centers looking to deploy
large-scale cloud deployments for private or public clouds
leveraging the support and resulting technology of a global open
source community.
Why open matters: All of the code for OpenStack is freely
available under the Apache 2.0 license. Anyone can run it, build
on it, or submit changes back to the project.
Nova (compute), Swift (object storage), Glance (image
service), Keystone (identity management), Horizon (gui
18. OPENSTACK AS IAAS?
Allow application owners to
register for our cloud
services, view their usage
and see their bill (basic
customer relations
management functionality)
Allow Developers/DevOps to
create and store custom
images for their applications
(basic build-time functionality)
Allow DevOps/Developers to
launch, monitor and
terminate instances (basic
run-time functionality)
Allow the Cloud Operator to
configure and operate the
cloud infrastructure
21. OPENSTACK IMPLEMENTATION SCENARIO
Hypervisor: Xen
Device Emulation: KVM
Networking: vSwitch
Virtual Image Management: ovftool, Clonezilla
Red Hat introduced the libvirt library as an API for managing platform
virtualization(hypervisors and VMs). What makes libvirt interesting is that
it supports a number of hypervisor solutions (KVM and Xen being two)
and provides API bindings for number of languages (such as C, Python,
and Ruby). It provides the "last mile" of management, interfacing directly
with the platform hypervisor and extending APIsout to larger
infrastructure-management solutions. With libvirt, it's simple to start and
stop VMs, and it provides APIs for more advanced operations, such as
migration of VMs between platforms. Using libvirt, it's also possible to
use its shell (built on top of libvirt), called virsh.
23. BENEFITS OF OPEN STACK SERVICES
Its diverse and has active developer community, its being
based on industry opens standards, flexibility, and ability
to scale.
Zero initial investment on solution
Each of the commercial vendors has its own API, and
these APIs doesn’t support various storage systems.
OpenStack works on open standards.
OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data replication
and distribution across different devices, meaning that
inexpensive commodity hard drives and servers can be
used in lieu of more expensive equipment. Further Quota
facility ensures that users can’t provision more than
allocated disk space.
24. POINTS TO LOOK FOR IN OPEN STACK SERVICES
Presently OpenStack doesn’t have billing
solution and Zuora kind of solution need to be
separately integrated
Customer portal needs to be further created
Some work is still required for making nova-
network more available.
OpenStack provides all the features that are
required to run IaaS cloud services. However to
commercialize it, some level of integration and
effort is required.
25. OPENSTACK VS CLOUDSTACK
OpenStack, “an open source CloudStack, “an open source
product influenced by hosting project that was acquired by
provider Rackspace and Citrix
NASA. CloudStack software works
OpenStack provides full with a variety of hypervisors,
hypervisor support for KVM including Oracle VM, KVM,
and Xen, with limited support vSphere and Citrix XenServer,
for Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix with Oracle VM being a key
Xen Server, VMware ESX and differentiator from CloudStack.
others. Overall, CloudStack is better
OpenStack is deployed via the packaged for enterprise
various core and incubator adoption, especially in
projects, and as such requires environments not already
time and know how to get up familiar with open source. Its
and running. The upside of this installation packaging and
is that users can choose which customizable admin/end-user
projects/features are required. portal are designed for quick,
Various installation packages scalable adoption of the
are available for the separate private cloud.
projects.
26. OPENSTACK VS EUCALYPTUS
OpenStack, “an open Started as a research project
at UC Santa Barbara
source product Cloud Controller (CLC)
influenced by hosting Manages the virtualization
provider Rackspace resources and APIs
and NASA. Provides web interface
Walrus (S3 storage)
Nova (compute) Cluster Controller (CC)
Swift (object storage) Controls execution of VMs and
their networking
Glance (image Storage Controller (SC)
service) Provides block-level storage to
VMs (EBS)
Keystone (identity Node Controller (NC)
management) Controls VMs via hypervisors
Horizon (gui interface)
27. OPENSTACK VS CLOUDSTACK VS EUCALYPTUS
STORAGE
OPEN STACK CLOUDSTACK EUCALYPTUS
Disk Image Yes Yes Yes
Block Devices Yes Yes Yes
Fault Tolerance Yes Yes Yes
VM IMAGE
Image Service Yes Yes Yes
Self Service Yes Yes Yes
Amazon API Yes Yes Yes
OTHER FACTORS
Codebase Python Java Java, C
Hypervisors Xen, KVM, UML, Xen, KVM, Xen, KVM,
LXC, VMware VMware VMware,
Citrix XenServer
Maintenance High Medium High
28. WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE
If you choose wrong but have chosen a
good management and abstraction layer,
you can always move your private cloud,
since ‘servers are software’ and can be
destroyed and re-created with the right
management, automation, and
orchestration. With competition comes
lower overall pricing, good news indeed
for enterprise private cloud shops.
There are minimum basic rules for any software to be classified as open source license. It should subject to an open source license agreement. There should be some rights which must be given
Linux Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM) Although not a requirement, virtualization provides unique benefits for buildingdynamically scalable architectures. In addition to resource sharing and scalability,virtualization introduces the ability to migrate virtual machines (VMs) betweenphysical servers for the purposes of load balancing. Figure 1 shows that thevirtualization component is provided by a layer of software called a hypervisor(sometimes called a virtual machine monitor [VMM]). This layer provides the abilityto execute multiple operating systems (and their applications) simultaneously ona single physical machine. Each operating system views a logical machine that ismapped by the hypervisor to the physical machine. On the hypervisor is an objectcalled a virtual machine that encapsulates the operating system, applications, andconfiguration. Optionally, device emulation can be provided in the hypervisor or as aVM. Finally, given the new dynamic nature of virtualization and the new capabilitiesit provides, new management schemes are needed. This management is bestdone in layers, considering local management at the server, as well as higher-level infrastructure management, providing the overall orchestration of the virtualenvironment.Type 1 : Oracle VM Server for SPARC, the Citrix XenServer, KVM, VMware ESX/ESXi, and MicrosoftHyper-V hypervisor.Type 2 : BHyVe, VMware Workstation and VirtualBox are examples of Type 2 hypervisors
CloudStack is open source software written in java that is designed to deploy and manage large networks of virtual machines, as a highly available, scalable cloud computing platform. CloudStack current supports the most popular hypervisors VMware, Oracle VM, KVM, XenServer and Xen Cloud Platform. CloudStack offers three ways to manage cloud computing environments: a easy-to-use web interface, command line and a full-featured RESTful API.
Dashboard (Horizon) provides a web front end to the other OpenStack servicesCompute (Nova) stores and retrieves virtual disks ("images") and associated metadata in GlanceImage (Glance) can store the actual virtual disk files in Object (Swift)Services authenticate with Identity (Keystone)
End users can interact through a common web interface (Horizon) or directly to each service through their APIAll services authenticate through a common source (facilitated through Keystone)Individual services interact with each other through their public APIs (except where privileged administrator commands are necessary)
OpenStackOpenStack was originally developed by NASA and Rackspace, and is also backed by the likes of IBM, HP and Dell. It's a series of three core projects that can be used to build a private cloud platform: Compute, Object Storage and Image Service. These three projects provide the base for managing virtual servers, storage and machine images. The core projects do not provide a self-service portal, but there are OpenStack-incubated projects that do.OpenStack provides full hypervisor support for KVM and Xen, with limited support for Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix Xen Server, VMware ESX and others. Persistent storage is provided using OpenStack Object Storage to manage the local disk on compute node clusters. Lastly, machine images of various types (including Raw, VHD, VDI, VMDK and OVF) are managed through the OpenStack Image Service.OpenStack is deployed via the various core and incubator projects, and as such requires time and know how to get up and running. The upside of this is that users can choose which projects/features are required. Various installation packages are available for the separate projects.With networking being a critical competent of private cloud architecture, the Quantum incubation project is quite interesting. Quantum is an extensible API driven tool for building and managing networks.CloudStackCloudStack has been around since 2009 and is implemented in more than 100 production clouds (including GoDaddy, KT and Tata). It's governed by the Apache Software Foundation and supported by Citrix and about 50 other technology partners. Unlike OpenStack, the CloudStack installation is very streamlined and well documented. The CloudStack open source code was acquired by Citrix with the Cloud.com acquisition and released as open source. This gives CloudStack a head start as it was already software being used in production.CloudStack is designed for massive scalability and centralized management, allowing tens of thousands of geographically distributed servers to be managed from a single portal. CloudStack software works with a variety of hypervisors, including Oracle VM, KVM, vSphere and Citrix XenServer, with Oracle VM being a key differentiator from CloudStack. Another differentiator is support for bare-metal servers. Additionally, CloudStack supports multiple networking models, such as OpenFlow, VLANs and flat networks.Overall, CloudStack is better packaged for enterprise adoption, especially in environments not already familiar with open source. Its installation packaging and customizable admin/end-user portal are designed for quick, scalable adoption of the private cloud. OpenStack, on the other hand, can be best described as a foundation or framework for cloud computing, not nearly as polished. That being said, OpenStack currently has a deeper pool of open source contributors actively participating. CloudStack comes with a more refined product and heavy user adoption, while OpenStack comes with a strong set of contributors.
