1. REASON/CAUSE 1
Because
Sınce
As
For
In that
Seeıng that
Now that + present perfect + SVO
Because of the fact that
Owıng to the fact that
Due to the fact that
Inas much as
Insofar as
On the grounds that
On account of the fact that
In vıew of the fact that
The reason why + SVO + ıs that +
SVO
I want to see the samples

2. REASON/CAUSE 2
Because of
Due to
Owıng to + Noun/Noun Clause/Noun Phrase
On account of
In vıew of
On grounds of
Thanks to= sayesınde
I want to see the samples

3. Effect/result
Accordingly: bundan dolayı
As a result, consequently: bunun sonucu olarak
For this reason: bu nedenle
Hence: bu nedenle
That’s why: bu nedenle
then: o halde, öyleyse
Thereby: böylece
Therefore: bu nedenle
Thus: böylece
I want to see the samples

4. Purpose 1
in order that
so that + SVO
so
Lest(-masın diye)
I want to see the samples

5. Purpose 2
in order to
so as to +V
to
I want to see the samples

6. CONNECTIVES
Group 1
Sequencing / Listing
First of all, ………..
In the first place, ………….
To begin with ………..
First (ly), ……--> Second (ly), ….. --> Third (ly), …….
First, ….--> Next, …--> Then, ..… --> After that, ….---> Finally, …..
Put the sentences below into order
1. Finally, I get on the bus and go to school.
2. After breakfast, I brush my teeth and make my lunch.
3. Then, I eat breakfast.
4. Next, I get dressed.
5. First, I get out of bed.

7. CONNECTIVES
Group 2
Reinforcing
Also, ………….
Besides, ……….
Furthermore, ………….
In addition, ……………
Moreover, …………….
Addıtıonally,...........
In addıtıon to thıs/these,................
What’s more,........................

8. CONNECTIVES
Group 3
Equating
In the same way, ……………
Likewise, …………..
Similarly, …………..
Group 4
Summarising
In conclusion, ……….
In summary, …………
To conclude, ………...
To sum up, ………….

9. CONNECTIVES
Group 5 Group 6
Referring Showing Results
For example, ……….. ……, namely, …….
For instance, ……….. As a result, ………
In particular, ………… Consequently, …….
Particularly, …………. Hence, ………
…… such as ……….. So, ………..
…..., that is, ……… Therefore, ………..
......., that is to say, ……… Thus,

10. CONNECTIVES
Group 7 Group 8
Inferring Giving Alternatives
In other words, …….. Alternatively, ……….
In that case, ……….. On the other hand, …………..
Then, …………… Then again, …………….
(Or) else, ………..
Otherwise, ……….
Group 9
Restating
In other
words, ………..
That is to
say, …………
To put it
simply, ………..

11. CONNECTIVES
Group 10 Group 11
Contrasting Conceding
Conversely, …………….. After all, ………..
In comparison, …………… All the same, ………..
In contrast to this, ……….. Although ……….
Instead, …………. Though ………..
On the contrary, …………… Even though ………….
…….., whereas, …………… Even if ……………
…….., while, ………… However, …………
…….., whilst ………… In spite of ………..
Nevertheless, …………
Nonetheless, ………….
Still, ………….
Yet, ………….

12. CONNECTIVES
exercıse
above all Actually Although and as a result of this because but for instance In
conclusion in fact In order to like Moreover but No matter how On the other hand such
as that's why What's more
1. We liked that beach ___________we kept coming back, year after year
2. ___________ the doctor had told him that eating so much fat was not very good for health, he didn't care;
___________ his best friend died of a heart attack and he immediately started a diet ____________ a sportive life.
3. ___________ achieve good results with garden flowers, special atttention has to be paid to a series of basic
aspects, ___________ where the sun comes from and type of soil.
4. ___________ hard I try to explain it, they never understand. ___________ , their behaviour is very bad.
___________ , I will have to talk to the rest of the teachers about this group.
5. Life in the desert is very difficult and dangerous, ___________ , Touaregs have developed a series of survival
abilities ___________ wearing special clothes or the ability to find water
6. ___________, we found the meeting rather boring, but didn't say anything to the hostess ___________ we know it
isn't always easy to bring so many people together.
7. Sharing a flat has many advantages, ___________ , not having to cook every night. ___________ it is not always
easy to share part of your private life with other people.
8. A lot of repair work was carried out by the commitee, ___________ , most of the organization work in the library
was promoted by them.
9. My sister is a fan of Indian food, ___________ dishes with roasted coconut.
10. ___________ , connectors is a very easy subject, ___________ , it has to be given some time for practice.

13. CONNECTIVES
exercıse
above all Actually Although and as a result of this because but for instance In
conclusion in fact In order to like Moreover but No matter how On the other hand such
as that's why What's more
1. We liked that beach that's why we kept coming back, year after year
2. Although the doctor had told him that eating so much fat was not very good for health, he didn't care; but his best
friend died of a heart attack and he immediately started a diet and a sportive life.
3. In order to achieve good results with garden flowers, special atttention has to be paid to a series of basic
aspects, such as where the sun comes from and type of soil.
4. No matter how hard I try to explain it, they never understand. Moreover, their behaviour is very bad. What's
more, I will have to talk to the rest of the teachers about this group.
5. Life in the desert is very difficult and dangerous, as a result of this, Touaregs have developed a series of survival
abilities like wearing special clothes or the ability to find water
6. Actually , we found the meeting rather boring, but didn't say anything to the hostess because we know it isn't
always easy to bring so many people together.
7. Sharing a flat has many advantages, for instance, not having to cook every night. On the other hand, it is not
always easy to share part of your private life with other people.
8. A lot of repair work was carried out by the commitee, in fact, most of the organization work in the library was
promoted by them.
9. My sister is a fan of Indian food, above all dishes with roasted coconut.
10. In conclusion, connectors is a very easy subject, but, it has to be given some time for practice.

14. • I didn’t say anything because you’d have been angry.
• Since we’re late, we’d better hurry.
• As you’ve seen the film, let’s go somewhere else.
• Now that we have agreed, we may sign the contract.
• He’s rather untrustworthy in that he usually forgets he owes you money.
• We’re expecting a busy summer on the grounds that bookings are already up for August.
• This product is guaranteed insofar as we’ll replace it if you return it within thirty days.
• He chose his words carefully on account of the fact that his whole political future depended
on this speech.
• Owing to the fact that I have never been there, I cannot really coment.
• Crying will do you good in that it will help you relax.
• Seeing that half of the class was absent, the teacher cancelled the lesson.
• He was denied an interview inasmuch as he lacked most of the qualifications.
• I’m different from my twin brother in that I’m darker.
That’s enough, let me return...

15. • Because of drinking too much beer, I feel dizzy.
• While some parts of the world are getting hotter, some others
are getting cooler due to the excessive amount of
carbondioxide in the atmosphere.
• owıng to Ali’s stupidity, we missed the train.
• ın view of your ınsulting remarks, we should reconsider your
situation in the school.
• Thanks to the doctor’s extraordinary effort, y child has
recovered quickly.
• ı’ll sue you on grounds of the unfair dismissal from work.
That’s enough, let me return...

16. • many countries started the race of armenent, as a
result, the WW1 was initiated.
• I can’t get on well with Ali, for this reason, I don’t
want him to come my party.
• cutting down on fat is one of the most important
things you can do to improve your diet and thereby
extend your life.
• The town was built near a bridge on the River Cam;
hence, it was named Cambridge.
That’s enough, let me return...

17. • Turkey needs 730 more dams in order that she can avoid water
shortage in the future
• Turkey must preserve her water resources lest she be faced with a
water crisis.
• Much of the Iraqi oil that is refined at Ceyhan is sent back to Iraq. So
,Turkey profits from the value-added(katma deger) component.
• Blair said“We must create a different atmosphere and a different
climate in all negotiations and controversial issues so that Turkey
can also move ahead and the terms of the EU can be
implemented(uygulamak)."
That’s enough, let me return...

18. • Turkey needs 730 more dams in order to avoid water shortage in
the future
• Much of the Iraqi oil that is refined at Ceyhan is sent back to Iraq to
profit from the value-added(katma deger) component.
• Blair said“We must create a different atmosphere and a different
climate in all negotiations and controversial issues so as toTurkey
can also move ahead and the terms of the EU can be
implemented(uygulamak)."
That’s enough, let me return...