Laser beam welding is an advanced welding method that uses the heat generated by a laser beam to join two components. The laser beam penetrates the upper material and is absorbed by the lower material, heating it up directly. This heat is then conducted to the upper layer, melting both materials. A pumping unit provides energy to the laser medium, exciting its atoms to emit stimulated light. This beam is focused onto the components to generate localized heat and form the weld. Laser beam welding offers advantages like welding metals and non-metals without an electrode and ability to weld small, hard-to-reach areas. However, its initial costs are high and the process can be slow.

1. Laser Beam Welding
Prepared By:- Patel Shrikunj C.
Enrollment No. :- 126540319070

2. About Laser Beam Welding
 Laser Beam Welding (LBW) is advance welding
method which used heat generated by laser to join
fabricated two component. Laser beam is a beam of
light, coherent and strictly monochromatic intense
power of the beam (with a small cross-sectional
area) enables welding to be performed over small
area. Laser is the acronym for Light Amplificated by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

3. Working Principle Of Laser Beam
Welding
 Laser welding of polymers uses almost exclusively
overlap geometries. That means the laser beam
penetrates the upper material and is absorbed by the
lower material thus heating up the lower layer
directly.
 This layer transports the heat indirectly via heat
expansion and conduction to the upper layer so that
both materials are simultaneously heated up and
melted. Applying external pressure leads to a
strength of the welded material which almost equals
that of the base material.
 The benefit of transmission is that the weld is inside
the component and thus the surface is not harmed
and no micro particles are generated.

4. Working Principle Figure

5. Detail Procedure / Operation Detail
 A pumping unit is providing the energy to the laser
medium in this process, which energized its atoms so
that they can enter into high potential zones. To acquire
stability these atoms return back by emitting light. Their
absorbed energy is converted into light and they return
back into low energy zones. Such radiation is called
stimulated emission. These light ways strikes with other
excited atoms causing continuous amplification of light.
The medium is so surrounded by reflective surfaces
hence increase in this resulting.
 The total energy so produced is then passed through a
small hole of the glass and in the form of laser beam.
This narrow ray is focused by a optical focusing lens and
allowed to fall on the component as a laser point. Hence
heat is generated and welding of components is done.
 Pressure is applied to increase strength of joint and to
also increase adhesiveness between two component.

6. Figure of LBW (Working)

7. Technical Drawings of LBW
Sapphire Pressure Ball Optical Head
Showing an Extrusion Based Spring
Design and Cutaway Type 2 Body
Block
Sapphire Pressure Ball Optical Head
Showing an Extrusion Based Spring Design

8. Technical Graph Of Complexity Of LBW
Operation.

9. Advantages of LBW
 Welding can be done on metals and non-metals.
 Almost all metals can be welded.
 Electrode is not used hence the effects of high
current and defects caused by electrode are not
observed.
 The area which are not easily approachable can also
be welded by LBW.
 Welding can be done in micron by this process and
small parts can also be welded.
 The heat is produced for short duration and on small
area gives good quality weld without much altering
the structure of the metal

10. Disadvantages Of LBW
 Initial cost is high.
 It take time to heat electrode.
 It has limited use up to 1.5mm thickness.
 Vaporization and porosity is developed in welding
metals having properties similar to magnesium.
 Process is comparatively slow to other welding
processes.

11. Application of LBW
 To join metals having high melting point and hard.
 For welding copper, nickel, aluminum, stainless
steel, tungsten, zirconium, tantalum etc.
 To join tiny electronic parts and to produce integrated
circuit (IC).
 To weld parts used in space and aircraft industries.
 To join parts of dissimilar metals.
 Laser beam equipments can also be used in cutting.