criminal law ppt on death penalty

1. PARTHA BHATTACHARYA

2. What Law says? NO LEGAL DEFINITION OF DEATH EXISTS!!!
Sec 46 IPC: The word "death" denotes the death of a
human being unless the contrary appears from the
context.
Registration of birth and death Act Sec 2(b) : Defines death
as permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any
time after live-birth has taken place.
Definition of Death:
Medically and scientifically, death is not an event, it is a process.
[ref. Simpson’s Forensic Medicine Twelfth Edition]

3. MANNER OF DEATH
HOMICIDAL
ACCIDENTAL
SUICIDAL

4. VIOLENT
ASPHYXIAL
DEATHS
COMPRESSION
OF WIND PIPE
HANGING
STRANGULATOIN
LIGATURE
STRANGULATION
THROTTLING
MUGGING
GARROTTING
BANSDOLA
SUBMERSION OF
MOUTH &
NOSTRILS IN FLUID DROWNING
EXCLUSION OF AIR
FROM LUNGS SUFFOCATION
SMOTHERING
GAGGING
CHOKING
OVERLAYING
BURKING
MECHANICAL
FIXATION OF CHEST
TRAUMATIC
ASPHYXIA
NECK TWISTING
OR COMPRESSION
OF TRACHEA
POSTURAL OR
POSITIONAL
ASPHYXIA
PRESSURE ON CAROTID
VESSEL OR ON
TRACHEA
SEXUAL OR AUTOEROTIC
ASPHYXIA

5. HANGING
Death by suspending the body with a
ligature round the neck, constricting
force being the weight of the
body.

8. HANGING

9. TYPES OF HANGING
A) On degree of suspension:
(i) Complete hanging(body fully suspended)
(ii)Partial Hanging (not fully
suspended)almost always suicidal
B) On position of knot :
(i) Typical handing
(ii) Atypical handing

10. BLINDNESS OR AGE NO BAR TO HANGING

12. MANNER OF DEATH IN HANGING
Most informative: crime scene investigation
(‘PO’ visit)
DECIDES SUICIDAL/ACCIDENTAL/HOMICIDAL
consider
-violence/struggle
signs
-Clothing/apparels
-bodily injury

14. STRANGULATION
Violent form of asphyxia resulting from
constriction the neck by means of a
ligature or by other means
without suspending the body.

16. A 21-year-old male. Sexual asphyxia. Placed towel between noose and skin.

17. LIGATURE STRANGULATION

18. SIGNS-LIGATURE STRANGULATION

19. LIGATURE STRANGULATION
 Oblique ligature mark like hanging?
 Ligature mark obliterates in decomposition?
 Nail scratch mark always indicate
strangulation?
 Multiple turn of ligature mark always indicate
strangulation?
Strangulation- suicidal ? Accidental?

21. PSEUDO STRANGULATION
– Bodies of infants & children in cold storage
– Short-necked people
– Obese people
– Decomposition in a tightly clothed body

22. MANNUAL STRANGULATION
COMPRESSION OF NECK BY HUMAN
HANDS – OCCLUSION TO CAROTIDS

24.  Suicidal throttling
Not possible?
 Accidental throttling
pressure at the carotid sinus bradycardia, &
Hypotension
 Homicidal throttling
 Victims – infants, child or a woman
 Healthy adults – only if intoxicated or stunned
by a sudden attack
 Most common mode of infanticide
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS – MANUAL
STRANGULATION

25. Death from the exclusion of air from the lungs by means
other than compression of the neck.
TYPES:
• Smothering
• Choking
• Pressure on the chest
• Inhalation of irrespirable gases
Suffocation

26. Types:
1. Wet Drowning
2. Dry Drowning
3. Secondary Drowning
4. Immersion Syndrome
Drowning

27. MOST DIFFICULT TO PROVE IF NOT EXAMINED FRESH
1. Fine white lathery froth or foam
2. Cadaveric spasm-weeds, vegetations
3. Cutis anserine or goose skin
4. Voluminous lung with rib indentation
5. Water/mud/sand in trachea
POST MORTEM APPEARENCES

28. CIRCUMSTANCES OF DROWNING
 Died before falling into water?
 Onset of disease while in water?
 Injured first & thrown into water later?
 Injured while in water?
Body found far away from place of drowning?
MANNER OF
DEATH