2. 01
Introduction
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02
Project Overview
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03
Architectural design
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04
Structural design
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05
Design summary
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CONTENTS
3. Plastering
One
is a process of applying one or more coats of mortar to a concrete surface, brickwork, stone masonry or lathing. It must be
durable such that it resists the penetration of moisture and should be able to weather uniformly. It should also be pleasing in
appearance. These properties depend upon materials used, composition of mix, and degree of mechanical bond between
the plaster and the backing surface and workmanship.
4. STEPS FOR PLASTERING :
STEP 1 : PREPARATION OF SURFACE:-
Keep all the mortar joint of wall rough.
Brush out all the dust and loose mortar
Surface should be properly cured and dry surface.
STEP 2: HACKING :-
Hacking of concrete surface can start after curing for 1
day. It is easier to hack at this stage.
The Hacking hammer is brought in contact with the
concrete surface with an impact, such that only a small
portion of well finished concrete surface is chipped off.
Also we can use a mechanical device instead of
hammer.
The indent caused by such an action should be
approximately 25 mm in length by visual observation
and not more than 2 to 3 mm in depth. Very deep
indents on concrete member can affects its strength.
NOTE * : INDENT – mark caused during hacking on
concrete surface due to impact.
5. • STEP 4: MIXING OF INGREDIENTS :-
• Mixing of ingredients is done by a mixer.
• Dry mortar is mixed initially and thereafter water
is added to the dry mix to get required
consistency.
• The quantity of the mortar made at a time should
be such that it can be consumed within 30
minutes.
• Generally, on this site , for plastering mix ratio is
1:4 .
• STEP 3: INSTALLATION OF BUTTON MARKS:-
• Button marks for Plastering should be fixed and checked. The button mark should be at
not more than 2m from each other in both horizontal and vertical direction.
• Button marks are installed using right angle triangle 📐 and string .
• Button marks on opposite wall should be fixed exactly opposite of each other.
6. • To measure the quantities of cement and sand
during
• plastering , a Measuring Box is used .
• This box made of wood and its size in our site is
• 300*300*380 mm .
• STEP 4: APPLYING THE MIX :-
• In this site , a two – coat method is used for
plastering.
• In this method , the first coat is known as Under Coat
and second coat is known as Float or Finishing Coat.
• Undercoat plasters are usually applied at 10 mm and
most finish
• coat plasters are applied at 2 mm.
• Internal Plaster : Thickness of the internal plaster is
maintained
• Up to 10 to 15 mm. The mortar should be used within
30 to 45 minutes of its preparation.
• External Plaster : The no of coats for external plaster
should not exceeds 2 coats.
• Thickness of the external plaster is maintained up to
20 to 25 mm.
8. •TILING:
• Tiles in building construction are thin plates
or elements used to cover surfaces like roofs , floors, and
walls. Tiles in the present scenario are a primary element in
bringing building interior as well exterior finishing and
beauty.
• Also we define tiling as ,
• The process of fixing tiles on the
walls and floors to give them a desired finish and a durable
surface. Tiles are available in different colors ,
• types and textures.
• Tiles that are used in our site are :
• Vitrified tiles
• Kota Stone
• Ceramic tiles
• Pegasus Beige
• Terracotta tiles
• Terrazzo Eton Beige
9. • STEPS FOR TILING :-
• STEP 1 : PREPARING THE SURFACE :-
•
• The surface on which the tiles will be laid should
be cleared of all the debris
• and loose particles. It should be washed , if
required.
• 5% of the total quantity of tiles that arrive in each
batch is kept as wastage.
• For floor tiling, the concrete slab surface has to be
thoroughly cleaned.
• For bathroom, under-tile waterproofing should be
complete.
• The surface is free of cracks and holes.
• Also , surface is properly level by tube level and a
1m marking is marked on
the walls from FFL ( floor finish level) by the
surveyor.
10. STEP 2: INSTALLATION OF BUTTON MARKS :-
With the help of One meter mark that previously made , we established our button marks and distance
between each other is 1 meter.
Firstly, we made button marks on the corners point , so with the help string we can mark our
intermediate button marks.
Secondly, during installation of button marks , we have to keep in mind about the slope that we
provide in the floor and accordingly to the slope , thickness of the button marks decreases.
Use of spirit level is must as with the help of this , we can check the level of the button marks in both
direction ( latitude and longitudinal ).
11. • STEP 3 : PREPARAING THE MIX AND TILE FIXING :-
• ( FLOOR TILES )
• Generally , the mix prepared for tiling can be 1:4 ,1:5 or 1:6 , as per
the
• requirements.
• Mechanical mixing ( Mixer) is preferred for mixing instead of hand
• mixing as proper mixing of cement + sand + water takes place in the
• mixer.
• Also , cement slurry ( 0.6/0.8 – 1 ) is prepared and used during tile
• fixing by spreading between mix and tile. This cement slurry acts as a
• thin , smooth layer that fills gaps and enhances tile adhesion.
• These materials ensure proper alignment and provide a strong base
for
• tiling application.
• For the floor tiles ( 600*600) , cover – up-to 40 mm and 3 mm spacer
• are used.
12. The tiles along the border will be fixed after the full tiles have been fixed.
The level of tiles should be checked every time a tile is laid using spirit level. Any
undulation can be leveled using a rubber hammer.
A skirting of 10-12 cm height is provided with the tiles , on the walls as per the
requirements.
At the end , the floor tile grouting is done and different – different chemicals are used.
Example : Tile joint filler and tile joint additive ( ROFF).
After the Grouting , sufficient curing should be done for a minimum of 3 days and then
protection sheets are laid to prevent the tiles from damaging .
13.
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33. THANKS
T h a n k y o u f o r w a t c h i n g
Reporter: XXX Date: 20XX.XX
