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Scotty Miller

ADULT STEM CELLS
INTRO

 Adult stem cells can be found in many
  organs and tissues such as the brain, bone
  marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels,
  skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver,
  ovarian epithelium, and testis.
 Adult stem cells have been harvested since
  the 1960s to treat diseases like leukemia.
HOW DO WE IDENTIFY ASC’S?

 Scientists label the cells in a living tissue with
  molecular markers and then determine the
  specialized cell types they generate.
 Scientists remove the cells from a living
  animal, label them in cell culture, and
  transplant them back into another animal to
  determine whether the cells replace their
  tissue of origin.
HARVESTING

 Begins with a donor providing blood that is
  matched with a suitable patient with the
  same blood type.
 Before a peripheral stem cell transplant, the
  donor is given a drug such as
  Neupogen, which when taken days prior to
  the transplant, forces stem cells out of bone
  marrow and into the bloodstream.
APHERESIS

   A medical technology where the blood of a
    donor or patient is passed through a
    centrifuge that separates one particular
    constituent and returns the remainder into
    circulation.
APHERESIS
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTS(CANCER)
  Autologous transplant:
  After bone marrow is
destroyed(chemo/radiation), the patient is given
back their own stem cells.
 Allogeneic transplant:
  The patient receives blood-forming stem cells
from a donor of the same blood type. Donor stem
cells can be taken from multiple bone marrow
samples, but are mainly taken from
peripheral(circulating) blood by apheresis.
-Mostly used on younger patients.
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTS
 Non-myeloablative transplant:
  -aka mini-transplant or reduced-intensity transplant
  -type of allogeneic transplant, uses less radiation
  -does not completely destroy cells in bone marrow
  -after chemo/radiation, the patient receives the
donor stem cells, the cells then establish a new
immune system
  -the new immune cells see leukemia cells as
foreign and attack them, this is know as a graft-
versus-leukemia effect
ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANT
BIBLIOGRAPHY

-"Frequently Asked Questions." What Are Adult Stem Cells? [Stem Cell Information].
Web. 23 May 2012. <http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics4.asp>.

-"Stem Cell Transplant." Dr. Ben's Mindset. Web. 23 May 2012.
<http://drbentownsend.wordpress.com/2010/10/12/stem-cell-transplant/>.

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bone_marrow_transplantation/hic_stem_cell_c
ollection_procedure.aspx

-"Apheresis." Apheresis. Web. 23 May 2012.
<http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/BLDBANK/BBAPHER.html>.

-"Stem Cell Transplant." Stem Cell Transplant. Web. 23 May 2012.
<http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/Leukemia-
ChronicMyelomonocyticCMML/DetailedGuide/leukemia-chronic-myelomonocytic-
treating-stem-cell-transplant>.

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Adult stem cells

  • 2. INTRO  Adult stem cells can be found in many organs and tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, ovarian epithelium, and testis.  Adult stem cells have been harvested since the 1960s to treat diseases like leukemia.
  • 3. HOW DO WE IDENTIFY ASC’S?  Scientists label the cells in a living tissue with molecular markers and then determine the specialized cell types they generate.  Scientists remove the cells from a living animal, label them in cell culture, and transplant them back into another animal to determine whether the cells replace their tissue of origin.
  • 4. HARVESTING  Begins with a donor providing blood that is matched with a suitable patient with the same blood type.  Before a peripheral stem cell transplant, the donor is given a drug such as Neupogen, which when taken days prior to the transplant, forces stem cells out of bone marrow and into the bloodstream.
  • 5. APHERESIS  A medical technology where the blood of a donor or patient is passed through a centrifuge that separates one particular constituent and returns the remainder into circulation.
  • 7. STEM CELL TRANSPLANTS(CANCER)  Autologous transplant: After bone marrow is destroyed(chemo/radiation), the patient is given back their own stem cells.  Allogeneic transplant: The patient receives blood-forming stem cells from a donor of the same blood type. Donor stem cells can be taken from multiple bone marrow samples, but are mainly taken from peripheral(circulating) blood by apheresis. -Mostly used on younger patients.
  • 8. STEM CELL TRANSPLANTS  Non-myeloablative transplant: -aka mini-transplant or reduced-intensity transplant -type of allogeneic transplant, uses less radiation -does not completely destroy cells in bone marrow -after chemo/radiation, the patient receives the donor stem cells, the cells then establish a new immune system -the new immune cells see leukemia cells as foreign and attack them, this is know as a graft- versus-leukemia effect
  • 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY -"Frequently Asked Questions." What Are Adult Stem Cells? [Stem Cell Information]. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics4.asp>. -"Stem Cell Transplant." Dr. Ben's Mindset. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://drbentownsend.wordpress.com/2010/10/12/stem-cell-transplant/>. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bone_marrow_transplantation/hic_stem_cell_c ollection_procedure.aspx -"Apheresis." Apheresis. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/BLDBANK/BBAPHER.html>. -"Stem Cell Transplant." Stem Cell Transplant. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/Leukemia- ChronicMyelomonocyticCMML/DetailedGuide/leukemia-chronic-myelomonocytic- treating-stem-cell-transplant>.