3. A phobia is defined as the unrelenting
fear of a situation, activity, or thing that
causes one to want to avoid it.
Phobias afflict more than 6 million
people in the United States.
Women tend to be twice as likely to
suffer from a phobia compared to men.
The most common fears or phobias that
people usually suffer from include:heights,
darkness, snakes, insects, closed-in places,
etc.

4. 

There are several types of phobias, including social, situational,
animal, and specific phobias (fear of particular items or
objects).
While the list of phobias is almost endless, we'll take a look at
some of the most common phobias on the next slides.

5. I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Acrophobia
Algophobia
Astraphobia
Claustrophobia
Hydrophobia
Mysophobia
Monophobia
Nyctophobia
Ochlophobia
Pathophobia
Pyrophobia
Zoophobia
Heights
Pains
Thunderstorm,Lightning
Enclosed Places
Water
Being Alone
Contamination Or Germs
Darkness
Crowd
Disease
Fire
Animals Or Some Particular Animal

6. Also known as social anxiety
disorder, social phobia is an
excessive fear of embarrassment
in social situations.
 Examples include fears of public
speaking, meeting new people,
and other social situations.
 Social Phobia is a condition
where the sufferer becomes
anxious in environments that are
Social Phobia may arise by the fear of
unfamiliar or where he or she
having a panic attack in a setting from
perceives that they have little
which there is no easy means of escape.
control.


7. General
characteristics
 Fear of being in social situations in which one will
be embarrassed or humiliated.

9. 


Agoraphobia is a fear of in a
situation from which one either
cannot escape or from which
escaping would be difficult or
humiliating.
Although agoraphobia, like
other mental disorders, it also
tends to run in families and for
some people, may have a clear
genetic factor.
Agoraphobia was traditionally
thought to involve a fear of
public places and open spaces.
However, it is now believed that
agoraphobia develops as a
complication of panic attacks.

10. 

Zoophobia may have one of
two closely related meanings:
a generic term for the class of
specific phobia to particular
Animals,or an irrational fear
or even simply dislike of any
non-human animals.
Zoophobia is a term that
encompasses fears of specific
types of animals such as
spiders (arachnophobia),
snakes (ophidiophobia), birds
(ornithophobia), bees
(apiphobia), etc.

11. 


Erimophobial an abnormal fear
of being by oneself. Also called
eremiophobia, eremophobia,
monophobia and autophobia.
Autophobia involves not on
the fear of being physically
alone, but also a sense of
being unable to trust oneself in
any setting.
People with this type of
emotional condition are
often unable to rest
comfortably unless someone
is relatively close.

12. 


It is common for many people to be
afraid of dark because they think that
there are monsters hiding under
their beds and in their closets. These
sorts of fears come about as a result
of things that they don't yet quite
understand and this lack of
understanding can be manifested
into fear of the unknown, such as
being afraid of the dark.
This fear can easily develop into a
phobia that is known as
achluophobia.
People who suffer this will often
suffer symptoms such as anxiety,
nervousness, insomnia and/or
sweating.

13. 



Claustrophobia is an abnormal and
persistent fear of closed spaces, as
in elevators, tunnels, or any other
confined space.
Claustrophobia is typically
thought to have two key
symptoms: fear of restriction and
fear of suffocation.
It is typically classified as an
anxiety disorder and often results
in panic attack.
This type of fear is excessive and
quite common.

14. 

A fear of water.
A non resourceful state,
negative feeling, an
unwanted reaction, a pattern
of behaviour experienced by
an individual, which prevents
the swimmer from learning a
water skill or freely entering a
mass-volume water
environment such as a
swimming pool, sea, lake,
ocean, or river.

15. 



Phasmophobia, or the fear of
ghosts.
Most of us experience a certain
thrill of anxiety when telling
ghost stories or watching movies
that feature ghosts and other
supernatural entities .
Most people are able to control
this fear but for some people
this fear is over whelming and
life-limiting, thereby meeting
the traditional definition of a
phobia.
Some experts feel that a phobia
of ghosts may be symptomatic
of a more serious thought
disorder, as it may constitute a
form of magical thinking. Let’s
try to break down the relevant
issues.

16. 


Herpetophobia, or fear of
reptiles, is a relatively
common phobia.
Our ancestors tended to
fear those animals that
could cause harm, and the
sheer number of venomous
reptiles may have caused
herpetophobia to develop
over time.
This is the fear from
especially crocodiles,snakes
and lizards etc.

17. 


Batrachophobia is an
overwhelming, irrational fear
of amphibians such as toads,
frogs etc.
The batrachophobic
individual may be totally
fearless with other reptiles
such as lizards or snakes, but
can be so compromised by
this phobia, that they may
not even be able to look at
pictures of amphibians.
People coping with this
phobia may avoid ponds,
streams, nature parks or
anywhere that there may be
a chance that they might
encounter an amphibian.

18. 



Acrophobia is an abnormally excessive
and persistent fear of heights.
Acrophobia can be dangerous, as
sufferers can experience a panic attack
in a high place and become too agitated
to get themselves down safely.
Acrophobia called space and motion
discomfort that share both similar
etiology and options for treatment.
An acrophobic,on the other hand,
continues to overrely on
visual signals whether because of
inadequate vestibular function or
incorrect strategy.

19. 

An abnormal and persistent
fear of flying is called
aerophobia. This phobia
generally develops after a
person witnesses a plane crash
or loses a family member in a
plane crash or accident.
A fear of flying is a fear of
being on an airplane
(aeroplane), or other flying
vehicle, such as a helicopter,
while in flight. It is also
sometimes referred to as
aerophobia, aviatophobia,
aviophobia or
pteromerhanophobia.

20. 




Atychiphobia is the fear of
failure.
Atychiphobia is also known as
fear of failure,faer of failing
and failure phobia.
Atychiphobia, as with all
phobias, is an extreme,
irrational fear.
Phobias, generally, keep us
from enjoying some aspects
of life.
The fear of failure is often one
of the most paralyzing
phobias.

21. 
Blood-injection-injury
phobias consist of several
specific phobias including
fear of blood (hemophobia),
injury phobia, and fear of
receiving an injection
(trypanophobia or
aichmophobia).

22. 


If left untreated, a phobia
may worsen to the point at
which the person's life is
seriously affected.
There may be periods of
spontaneous improvement,
but a phobia does not
usually go away unless the
person receives treatments.
Alcoholics can be up to 10
times more likely to suffer.

23. 

It is thought that phobias run in
families, or can be triggered by life
events.
Phobia sufferers have been found to
be more likely to manage stress by
avoiding the stressful situation and
by having difficulty minimizing the
intensity of the fearful situation.

24. 
Symptoms of phobias often involve
having a panic attack as well as physical
symptoms like shaking, sweating, rapid
heartbeat, trouble breathing, and an
overwhelming desire to escape the
situation.

25. 



Many health-care providers may help diagnose phobias
specialists whom you see for a medical condition, psychiatrists,
psychologists, and social workers.
You may need to submit to a medical interview and physical
examination.
A phobia may be associated with a number of other mental
-health conditions, especially other anxiety disorders.
Routine laboratory tests are often performed during the initial
evaluation to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

26. 

Exposing them to circumstances that
are increasingly close to the one they
are phobic.
A second method is cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT), which
helps in changing the way of thinking
of the sufferer.

27. Three Techniques To
accomplish This goal:



Didactic Component: This phase helps to set up positive
expectations for therapy and promote the phobia
sufferer's cooperation.
Cognitive Component: It helps to identify the thoughts
and assumptions that influence the person's behavior.
Behavioral Component: This employs behavior-modifying
techniques to teach the individual with a phobia more
effective strategies for dealing with problems.

28. 


Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications are
often used to treat phobias.
These medications affect levels of serotonin in the brain.
Examples of these medications include fluoxetine (Prozac),
sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), fluvoxamine (Luvox),
citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro).