2. FRUSTRATION
• FRUSTRATION is a stirred-up
state of hopelessness that result
when a person is prevented from
reching a particular value-goal to
which he has aspired or is prevented
from satisfying his physiological
needs.
• Frustration, is simply defined is the
condition of being thwarted in the
4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
• These physiological problems more
or less are our basic needs such as
food, water, shelter, sex. Meeting
such need is temporary. Once
satisfied, the frustrating feeling is
subdueud. When there is a strong
deprivation of these needs, once
experiences an unpleasant thwarting
is circumtances. A disequilibrium has
taking place and when this has been
restored, man reverts to his former
5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• One of the most
difficult problemd
in this area is
one's cultural do's
and don'ts.
Environmental
frustration cannot
be avoided, for
there are always
certain factors in a
person's situation
which keep him to
achieving a
degree of personal
6. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
• The most difficult to
resolve as they are
within the inner
feelings of a person.
Psychological
frustrations
represents a more
serious threat to the
personality of the
individual than to
environmental
frustrations. If severe
enough, they may
create considerable
7. STRESS
• Stress is the nonspecific
psychological and physiological
response of the body of any demand
upon it. According to Schwartz
(1980):
anything pleasant or unpleasant - that
interferes with the body's equilibrium is a
stressor, or source of stress. Whenever
your fired or promote, hit with a brick or
caressed by a lover, you experience
8. Major Causes of Stress in
Organizations
• Occupational Demand: Some Jobs
are more stressful than others.
Consider the librarian, police officer,
surgeon, college profesor, airline
pilot. A survey of 130 different
occupations confirmed the basic fact
that some jobs are more stressful
than others. Results indicated that
several features of the jobs are
realated to the levels of stress they
9. • Role Ambiguity: Stress from uncertainly.
This occurs when individuals are uncertain
about severals matters relating to their jobs.
The scope of reponsibilities, how to divide
their time between various duties etc.
• Overload and Underload: Doing too much
or too little. Employees are asked to do more
work than they can handle in a given period
of time or employees believe that they lack
the required skills to perform a given job.
(Qualitative Overload).
Underloads leads to boredom and
monotony. "The hardest job in the world is doing
10. • Lack of Social Support: The cost of
isolation. Social supports helps individuals
deal with stress. One study shows that
persons who felt they had the support of
thier immediate supervisors reported
fewer physical symptoms associated with
stress than managers who did not enjoy
friendship and support from others at
work.
• Lack of Participation in desicion:
Helplessness, strikes. People who want a
certaon degree of control over their own
fate feel that they know a good deal about
their work. Thus when they are prevented
11. • Responsibility for others: A heavy
burden. In any organization some persons
are primarily corcerned with, is the hysical
side of business (supplies, maintenance
etc.) others financial (budget, accounting
etc.) and still others with people like
supervisors and managers. Research
findings report that in general, individuals
who are responsible for other people, who
must motivate, reward, punish,
communicate etc. - experience higher
levels of stress than persons who handle
other organizational functions.
12. • Emotional and Stress Reaction:
Emotions are aroused by external stimuli
which can instigate aggresive behavior.
Emotion associated with pleasure
(joy,love) or displeasure
(anger,fear,pressure,heart rate,dilatin of
pupils etc.) Emotion may be adaptive or
disruptive depending on its intensity. At
low to high level of arousal it may produce
alertness and interst in the task at hand.
At the optimum level of arousal,
performance may decline and seriously
impair the process that control organized
behavior. A long term emotional stress
13. BURNOUT
• Burnout is a
cumulative process of
gradual wearing down
of your reserve, with
little recharging of
your energies. It is
mental, physical and
emotional exhaustion.
It strikes all ages,
sexes and job levels,
yet the most frequent
victims are those who
seemingly are in the
14. BURNOUT IN ORGANIZATIONS
• The "hurried executive" or the kind of person
who is burnout prone is often drawn to the
fast moving organizations that would hasten
his/er burning out. The fast-moving achiever
who competently handles all tasks that are
given to him/her is rewarded by having the
number of task increased. "No" is a word
hardly used by the perfectionist; therefore
he/she continues to handle a greater than
average amount of work. Work overload is a
major contributor to burnout. This concept
can be presenteed in the following formula:
Susceptible Individual + Overload or Crisis
15. MENTAL HEALTH
• Mental Health is a matter of degree.
Tere is no hard and fast line that
seperate health from illness. It is not a
simple matter to diveide the
population into two distint group those who should be institutionalized
and those who should not. Many of us
at one time or another exhibit traits
and pattern of behavior which, if
accentuated and continous, would
16. MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
A. Cliques in the work force - Those
informal organizations that could hamper
the smooth flow of the workif the mutual
resentment remains unchecked.
B. Wage Increases - No matter who
recieves increases, there is bound to be
some resetment because of the resulting
disturbances in the status relationship
aong the workers.
C. Evaluation of Workers - Is the
evaluation to be based simply on quality
17. of willingness to cooperate,
conscientiousness, loyalty, and
dependability also be considered? And
how are these to be measured?.
D. Work And Assignments - In relation to
the workers' personalities, one worker
may do well under a more permissive one.
Some men workers may resist a woman
supervisor no no matter how able she is
because this situation reverses the
traditional role of women in society.
18. E. Changes - especially technological
changes and changes of any kind,
whether they be changes in location, in
machine and processes, in products, or in
management. Anxieties and frustrations
often follow such changes and affect the
work of the employees.
19. MENTAL HYGIENE
• Mental Hygiene is a branch of psychology
which deals with the mental, behavioral and
emotional adjustment through the application
of principles and practices which have some
scientific foundation or truth.
There are three known ways to which the
principles and practices of mental hygiene
are done.
1. The preventive approach - This is base
on the principle that the bast way to insure a
well-adjusted individual is to surround him
with environmental influences that will enable
him to develop his full potentialities, to
20. 2.The therapuetic method - concerned
with the attempt to correct minor
behavioral adjustment through the varous
counseling and techniques of
psychotherapy, or adjust to the social
and/or physical environment of the person
in order to help him obtain the amount of
emotional security and self-confidence
necessary.
3.The curative approach - This is
sometime called "preventive psychiatry". It is
21. Although this is the work of a trained
clinician or psychiatrist, it is helpful for the
layman to have at least a fundamental
knowledge of the major types of
behavioral maladjustment in order that he
may have a basis in determining
behavioral maladjusment that needs the
attention of competent specialists.
