Richmond’s Slave Trade

1. Richmond’s Slave Trade History and Place Exported People

3. Late 1760s Va. Gazette ads

5. Customs Districts Atlas of Early American History , ed. by Lester Cappon

6. Forced African Immigrants to Piedmont Virginia, 1725-1775 Source: Morgan and Nicholls, William and Mary Quarterly 46 (1989):219. Percentage computations added.

8. Bermuda Hundred and Osborne’s Landing, Fry-Jefferson Map, 1751 Osborne’s Landing

10. Virginia Gazette , September 22, 1772 Virginia Gazette , July 10, 1762

11. Bermuda Hundred is more than a half hour’s drive from Richmond. Boats would obviously take much longer. Bermuda Hundred is near the confluence of the Appomat-tox and James Rivers Osborne’s Landing: 18 mile drive from Richmond. Osborne’s Landing is near Dutch Gap and Henricus Historical Park.

13. Rocky Ridge (Manchester), July 15, 1766 Rocky Ridge, October 12, 1769 Rocky Ridge, November 22, 1769 Rocky Ridge, February 1, 1776

14. Richmond Slave Sales, February 1770 and July 1777

15. Impact of the Slave Trade ( Atlas of Early American History , ed. by Lester Cappon.)

16. From importation to exportation Gen. C. C. Pinckney (S.C.), Constitutional Convention, 1787: Virginia “will gain by stopping the importations. Her slaves will rise in value, & she has more than she wants.” 1787-1807: Organized interregional slave trade began. 1792: Virginia Governor learned major reason for eastern Virginia slave rebelliousness: the “practice of severing husband, wife and children in sales.” January 1, 1808: Importation of Africans is illegal throughout the U.S., leading Deep South to go to Virginia and other markets. 1840 to Civil War: Richmond dominated exportation of enslaved people from the Old Dominion.

18. Total for ALL of Virginia, 1790-1863: 515,075. One half = ca. 257,500. Other scholars believe 300,000 were sold away from Virginia. Copyright Phillip Troutman, 1998 http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/slavetrade/migrmaps.html

21. Exportation by sea: Rocketts, by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1796

22. Manchester Docks (south bank) and Rocketts (north bank) 1865

25. Lumpkin’s Jail

26. Robert Harold Gudmestad. "The Richmond Slave Market, 1840-1860." Master's thesis, University of Richmond, 1993.

27. Lumpkin’s Jail site, late 1830s to 1865 Broad St.

28. Michie map, 1865 Lumpkin

29. Lumpkin’s Jail

32. Lumpkin’s former property

33. 1865 1876

34. Lumpkin’s Jail Archaeology proposal, 2005

35. Lumpkin’s Jail Mutual Assurance Society Policy renewal, 1851

37. Late 1860s drawing

40. Shockoe Valley, 1865

42. Manchester Docks (south bank) and Rocketts (north bank), 1865

43. Rocketts, 1865

45. Creole manifest of enslaved “cargo,” 1841, bound for New Orleans

47. Lewis Miller watercolor, 1853

48. Eyre Crowe painting, Richmond, 1853-4

50. First African Baptist Church Gregg Kimball, American City, Southern Place , 135

52. 1857: Richmond Enquirer estimated city slave auction receipts at $3,500,000 (2005 estimates: $71,897,935 or $102,642,411) Another newspaper reported $4,000,000 in receipts. (2005 estimates: $82,169,069 or $$117,305,613)

56. Remembering, Retracing, Memorializing, Reconciling Ancestors and Relatives Ship manifests Slave Traders’ records Freedmen’s Bank Narratives; Family stories Distinctive names Famous forced migrants Madison Washington, Creole revolt leader The Richmond Slave Trail Shockoe Reconciliation Statue