This document discusses non-verbal communication and provides examples. It states that 93% of communication is non-verbal, including tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language. Non-verbal cues can repeat, contradict, substitute or complement verbal messages. Types of non-verbal communication include body language, proxemics, clothing, time, touch, and color. Body language such as facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and gestures can convey a wide range of emotions and attitudes. Proxemics and personal space also communicate messages between individuals. Some individuals face difficulties interpreting and expressing non-verbal cues.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Non-Verbal (non word) communication means
all communication without words.
 Nonverbal communication (NVC) is usually
understood as the process of communication
through sending and receiving wordless
messages.
 The ability to understand and use nonverbal
communication is a powerful tool that will help
you connect with others, express what you
really mean, navigate challenging
situations, and build better relationships at
home and work.

3.  Studiesshow that during interpersonal
communication
 7% of the message is verbally
communicated while
 93% of the message is non-verbally
transmitted.
Of the 93% non verbal communication,
○ 38% is through vocal tones,
○ 55% is through facial expressions and
non-verbal acts.

5. Roles in Non-Verbal
Communication
Nonverbal communication cues can play
five roles:
 Repetition: they can repeat the message the person is
making verbally
 Contradiction: they can contradict a message the individual
is trying to convey
 Substitution: they can substitute for a verbal message. For
example, a person's eyes can often convey a far more vivid
message than words and often do
 Complementing: they may add to or complement a verbal
message. A boss who pats a person on the back in addition
to giving praise can increase the impact of the message
 Accenting: they may accent or underline a verbal message.
Pounding the table, for example, can underline a message.

6. Types Of Non- Verbal
Communication
 BODY LANGUAGE
 CLOTHING/ARTIFACTUAL COMMUNICATION
 VOICE /PARALANGUAGE
 SPACE DISTANCE/PROXEMIC FACTORS
 COLOUR
 TIME/CHRONEMICS
 TOUCH/HAPTICS

7. Body Language
 “The bodily gestures, postures, and facial
expressions by which a person communicates
nonverbally with others”
-(Soukhanov 1992:211).
KINESICS:
 POSTURE
 GESTURE
 FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
 GAZE / EYE CONTACT

8. Types of Body Language
communication

9. Body Language
 Facial expression(s)
 Eyes
 Lips
 Arms
 Hands
 Fingers
 legs

10. The Face
 Since the face cannot be easily hidden, it is an
important source of nonverbal information and
communicates a variety of emotions.
 In addition, eye contact, pupil size, and the
smile provide additional cues to informed
observers.

11. Facial Expression(s)
Forehead Wrinkles Anger
Eyebrows Outer Anger
edges up
Nose Upward Contempt

12. Eyes
Centered Focused
Wandering Disinterested, Bored
Gazing Up Thinking
Gazing Down Shame
Gaze on the Side Guilty

13. Lips
Parted Relaxed, Happy
Together Possibly
Concerned
Wide Open Very Happy /
Very Angry

14. Arms
Arms Crossed Angry,
Disapproving
Open Honest, Accepting

15. Hands
On Top of the Head Amazement
Scratching Head Puzzled , Confused
Rubbing Eyes Tired
Rubbing Chin Thinking,
folded Timid, Shy

16. Fingers
Fingers Tense
Interlocked
Pointing at you Angry
OK Signal Fine
V Sign Peace

17. LEGS
•The way we move and position
our legs can convey a wide range
of attitudes and emotions.
•If someone is seated and their
legs are fully extended, this
indicates the subject is losing
interest.
•Crossed legs tend to seem
disagreement.
•Sitting with your legs crossed and
elevated foot moving in a slight
circular motion indicates boredom
or impatience

18. Interpreting Body
Language
OPEN
Responsive Reflective
FORWARD BACK
Combative Fugitive
CLOSED

19. Responsive
 ENGAGED leaning forward
 Open Body
 Open Arms
 Open Hands
 EAGER (sprint position)
 Open Legs
 Feet under Chair
 On Toes
 READY TO AGREE closes papers
 Pen Down
 Hands Flat on Table

20. Reflective
 LISTENING with head tilted
 Lots of Eye Contact
 Nodding
 High Blink Rate
 EVALUATING : sucking glasses / pencil
 Stroking Chin
 Looking Up and Right
 Legs crossed
 Ankle on Knee
 ATTENTIVE (standing)
 Arms behind Back
 Smile
 Open Feet

21. SPACE
 Have you ever felt uncomfortable during a
conversation because the other person
was standing too close and invading your
space? We all have a need for physical
space, although that need differs
depending on the culture, the
situation, and the closeness of the
relationship. You can use physical space to
communicate many different nonverbal
messages, including signals of
intimacy, aggression, dominance, or
affection.

22. LOOKING NERVOUS
 Crossed arms and legs
 Carrying books or papers across your
chest
 Slumped posture
 Sitting perched on the edge of the chair
 Tapping foot
 Rocking leg
 Drumming fingers
 Biting nails

23. Paralanguage
 Paralanguage, meaning “like language”.
 sometimes called vocalics) is the study
of nonverbal cues of the voice. Various
acoustic properties of speech such as
tone, pitch and accent, collectively
known as prosody, can all give off
nonverbal cues. Paralanguage may
change the meaning of words.

24. Difficulties with nonverbal
communication
 People vary in their ability to send and receive nonverbal
communication. Thus, on average, to a moderate degree,
women are better at nonverbal communication than are
men.
 Measurements of the ability to communicate nonverbally
and the capacity to feel empathy have shown that the two
abilities are independent of each other.
 For people who have relatively large difficulties with
nonverbal communication, this can pose significant
challenges, especially in interpersonal relationships.
There exist resources that are tailored specifically to
these people, which attempt to assist those in
understanding information which comes more easily to
others. A specific group of persons that face these
challenges are those with autism spectrum disorders,
including Asperger syndrome.

25. THANK YOU