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Poverty in India




"The biggest enemy of health in the
   developing world is poverty."
What is Poverty?

Poverty is hunger.

Poverty is lack of shelter.

Poverty is being sick and not being able
to see a doctor.

Poverty is not having access to school
and not knowing how to read.

Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the
future, living one day at a time.

Poverty is losing a child to illness brought
about by unclean water.

Poverty is powerlessness, lack of
representation and freedom.
RELATIVE POVERTY                     ABSOLUTE POVERTY

Under Relative poverty the          Absolute poverty refers to the
economic conditions of different    measure of poverty , keeping in
regions or countries is compared.   view the per capita intake of
The capita income and the           calories and minimum level of
national income are the two         consumption .
indicators of relative poverty.     Per capita income :
According to the UNO those
countries are treated poor whose         National income
per capita income is less than               Population
US $725 per annum.
EXPENDIURE METHOD   INCOME METHOD
Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
Swarnajayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SSRY)
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(NREGA)
POVERTY IN THE WORLD
One fifth of the world’s people live
on less than $ 1 a day, and 44% of
them are in South Asia
26 percent of India is below the
poverty line
This is happening in mainly in rural
areas of India
One half of India’s poor is located the three states of
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra, West Bengal and Orissa account for
22.5% of poverty
Lack of food and health care due to low
income/assets is associated with the higher
probability of a new born child dying between birth
and the age of one
The High Female illiteracy rate has a major impact on
IMR
If more women were literate the
IMR would be much higher
Even though India’s economy is growing there wealth
distribution is uneven
1/4 of the nation's population earns less than the
government-specified $0.40/day
Unemployment and underemployment
Over-reliance on agriculture
High population growth rate
The Caste System(Hindu Religion) prevents people from
educational, ownership, and employment opportunities
Microfinance( very small loans) has helped India a lot
There are multiple organization to help feed them
and keep there agriculture going
The Planning Commission sets up a five year plan for
India to help them achieve goal such as ending
poverty
Positive Things Happening in
     India: Middle Class

Currently India adds 40 million people to its middle
class every year
estimated 300 million Indians now belong to the
middle class
one-third of them have emerged from poverty in the
last ten years
It is predicted that by 2025 the Majority of Indians will
live in middle class
Facts & Figures….


  As of 2005, 85.7% of the population lives on less than $2.50 (PPP) a day.

  the Planning Commission of India has estimated that 27.5% of the population was
  living below the poverty line in 2004–2005.

  Between 1999 and 2008, the annualized growth rates for Gujarat (8.8%), Haryana
  (8.7%), or Delhi (7.4%) were much higher than for Bihar (5.1%), Uttar Pradesh
  (4.4%), or Madhya Pradesh (3.5%).Poverty rates in rural Orissa (43%) and rural Bihar
  (41%) are higher than in the world's poorest countries such as Malawi.

  A 2007 report by the state-run National Commission for Enterprises in the
  Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) found that 25% of Indians, or 236 million people, lived
  on less than 20 rupees per day
Statistical Study
Causes…

•The Indian economy was purposely and
severely deindustrialized through colonial
privatizations, regulations, tariffs on
manufactured or refined Indian goods, taxes,
and direct seizures.

•Not only was Indian industry losing out, but
consumers were forced to rely on expensive
British manufactured goods, especially as
barter, local crafts and subsistence agriculture
was discouraged by law.
Causes contd….
 General Causes…


Unemployment and underemployment, arising in part from protectionist
policies pursued till 1991 that prevented high foreign investment.

About 60% of the population depends on agriculture whereas the
contribution of agriculture to the GDP is about 18%.

High population growth rate, although demographers generally agree that
this is a symptom rather than cause of poverty.

The caste system, under which hundreds of millions of Indians were kept
away from educational, ownership, and employment opportunities, and
subjected to violence for "getting out of line." British rulers encouraged
caste privileges and customs, at least before the 20th century.
Quit
BRITISH RULE
RURAL ECONOMY
HEAVY PRESSURE OF POPULATION
CHRONIC UNEMPLOYMENT AND
UNDEREMPLOYMENT
LACK OF PROPER INDUSTRIALISATION
SOCIAL FACTORS
INDIA’S ECONOMIC POLICY
NEO-LIBERAL POLICIES AND THEIR
EFFECTS


                        BACK
MORE…

         vulnerability describes the
         greater
         probability of being more
         adversely
         affected than other people when
         bad
         time comes for everybody,
         whether a
         flood or an earthquake or simply
         a
         fall in the availability of jobs!
BACK
WHAT IS POVERTY ?




  BACK
POVERTY IN INDIAN STATES
     STATES        No. Of People BPL   % of People BPL
     BIHAR              425.64              42.60
MADHYA PRADESH          298.54              37.43
  MAHARASHTRA           227.99              25.03
     ORISSA             169.09              47.15
  TAMIL NADU            130.48              21.12
 UTTAR PRADESH          529.89              31.15
  WEST BENGAL           213.49              27.02
      GOA                0.70               4.40
    GUJARAT              67.89              14.07
    HARYANA              17.34              8.74
HIMACHAL PRADESH         5.12               7.63

JAMMU & KASHMIR          3.46               3.48
    KERALA               41.04              12.72
    PUNJAB               14.49              6.16         BACK

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Poverty In India

  • 1.
  • 2. Poverty in India "The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty."
  • 3. What is Poverty? Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.
  • 4. RELATIVE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY Under Relative poverty the Absolute poverty refers to the economic conditions of different measure of poverty , keeping in regions or countries is compared. view the per capita intake of The capita income and the calories and minimum level of national income are the two consumption . indicators of relative poverty. Per capita income : According to the UNO those countries are treated poor whose National income per capita income is less than Population US $725 per annum.
  • 5. EXPENDIURE METHOD INCOME METHOD
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) Swarnajayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SSRY) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
  • 10.
  • 11. One fifth of the world’s people live on less than $ 1 a day, and 44% of them are in South Asia 26 percent of India is below the poverty line This is happening in mainly in rural areas of India
  • 12. One half of India’s poor is located the three states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra, West Bengal and Orissa account for 22.5% of poverty
  • 13. Lack of food and health care due to low income/assets is associated with the higher probability of a new born child dying between birth and the age of one The High Female illiteracy rate has a major impact on IMR If more women were literate the IMR would be much higher
  • 14. Even though India’s economy is growing there wealth distribution is uneven 1/4 of the nation's population earns less than the government-specified $0.40/day Unemployment and underemployment Over-reliance on agriculture High population growth rate
  • 15. The Caste System(Hindu Religion) prevents people from educational, ownership, and employment opportunities
  • 16. Microfinance( very small loans) has helped India a lot There are multiple organization to help feed them and keep there agriculture going The Planning Commission sets up a five year plan for India to help them achieve goal such as ending poverty
  • 17. Positive Things Happening in India: Middle Class Currently India adds 40 million people to its middle class every year estimated 300 million Indians now belong to the middle class one-third of them have emerged from poverty in the last ten years It is predicted that by 2025 the Majority of Indians will live in middle class
  • 18. Facts & Figures…. As of 2005, 85.7% of the population lives on less than $2.50 (PPP) a day. the Planning Commission of India has estimated that 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2004–2005. Between 1999 and 2008, the annualized growth rates for Gujarat (8.8%), Haryana (8.7%), or Delhi (7.4%) were much higher than for Bihar (5.1%), Uttar Pradesh (4.4%), or Madhya Pradesh (3.5%).Poverty rates in rural Orissa (43%) and rural Bihar (41%) are higher than in the world's poorest countries such as Malawi. A 2007 report by the state-run National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) found that 25% of Indians, or 236 million people, lived on less than 20 rupees per day
  • 20.
  • 21. Causes… •The Indian economy was purposely and severely deindustrialized through colonial privatizations, regulations, tariffs on manufactured or refined Indian goods, taxes, and direct seizures. •Not only was Indian industry losing out, but consumers were forced to rely on expensive British manufactured goods, especially as barter, local crafts and subsistence agriculture was discouraged by law.
  • 22.
  • 23. Causes contd…. General Causes… Unemployment and underemployment, arising in part from protectionist policies pursued till 1991 that prevented high foreign investment. About 60% of the population depends on agriculture whereas the contribution of agriculture to the GDP is about 18%. High population growth rate, although demographers generally agree that this is a symptom rather than cause of poverty. The caste system, under which hundreds of millions of Indians were kept away from educational, ownership, and employment opportunities, and subjected to violence for "getting out of line." British rulers encouraged caste privileges and customs, at least before the 20th century.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Quit
  • 28. BRITISH RULE RURAL ECONOMY HEAVY PRESSURE OF POPULATION CHRONIC UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT LACK OF PROPER INDUSTRIALISATION SOCIAL FACTORS INDIA’S ECONOMIC POLICY NEO-LIBERAL POLICIES AND THEIR EFFECTS BACK
  • 29. MORE… vulnerability describes the greater probability of being more adversely affected than other people when bad time comes for everybody, whether a flood or an earthquake or simply a fall in the availability of jobs! BACK
  • 30. WHAT IS POVERTY ? BACK
  • 31. POVERTY IN INDIAN STATES STATES No. Of People BPL % of People BPL BIHAR 425.64 42.60 MADHYA PRADESH 298.54 37.43 MAHARASHTRA 227.99 25.03 ORISSA 169.09 47.15 TAMIL NADU 130.48 21.12 UTTAR PRADESH 529.89 31.15 WEST BENGAL 213.49 27.02 GOA 0.70 4.40 GUJARAT 67.89 14.07 HARYANA 17.34 8.74 HIMACHAL PRADESH 5.12 7.63 JAMMU & KASHMIR 3.46 3.48 KERALA 41.04 12.72 PUNJAB 14.49 6.16 BACK