like our page for more updates: https://www.facebook.com/Technogroovyindia With Best Regard's Technogroovy Systems India Pvt. Ltd. www.technogroovy.com Call- +91-9582888121 Whatsapp- +91-8800718323

1. Practical Training Seminar
on
By: Tecnocrats Infotech
95408544414
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

2. “ An embedded system can be defined as those control systems which are
designed either by microprocessor or microcontroller for a specific tasks. ”
OR
“ An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware & software,
either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a
particular kind of application device. ”
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

3. Important Units Of
microprocessor/controller
• CPU: Central Processing Unit
• I/O: Input /Output
• Bus: Address bus & Data bus
• Memory: RAM & ROM
• Timer
• Interrupt
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

4. Block Diagram of an Embedded System
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

5. Digital clock
Moving message display
DVD player Traffic Light
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

6. General-purpose microprocessor
• CPU for Computers
• No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
• Example--Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium
Data Bus Many chips on mother
CPU board
General-
Purpose Serial
Micro- RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
processor Port Port
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

7. Microcontroller
• A smaller computer.
• On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
• Example:- Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051 and PIC 16X
CPU RAM ROM
A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port Port
Microcontroller
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

8. Microprocessor v/s
Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
ROM, I/O, timer are timer are all on a single chip
separate • fix amount of on-chip ROM,
• designer can decide on the RAM, I/O ports
amount of ROM, RAM and • for applications in which
I/O ports. cost, power and space are
• expensive critical
• general-purpose • single-purpose
• Ex. 8085,8086 mp, • Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Motorola
Motorola 6800, Intel’s 8086, MC’s, Phillips, etc.
etc.
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

9. Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

10. The 8051 Microcontroller:
• The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51
family introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of the
1970’s.
• The 8051 family characteristics:
o 4K Bytes ROM
o 128 Bytes RAM
o two timer/counters (16 bit)
o A serial port
o 32 input/output port
o Interrupt controller
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

11. Microcontroller 8051 internal Architecture
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

12. Pin Description of the 8051
P1.0 1 40 Vcc
• 8051 P1.1 2 39 P0.0(AD0)
P1.2 3 38 P0.1(AD1)
P1.3 4 37 P0.2(AD2)
P1.4 5 8051 36 P0.3(AD3)
P1.5
P1.6
6
7
IC 35
34
P0.4(AD4)
P0.5(AD5)
P1.7 8 33 P0.6(AD6)
RST 9 32 P0.7(AD7)
(RXD)P3.0 10 31 EA/VPP
(TXD)P3.1 11 30 ALE/PROG
(INT0)P3.2 12 29 PSEN
(INT1)P3.3 13 28 P2.7(A15)
(T0)P3.4 14 27 P2.6(A14)
(T1)P3.5 15 26 P2.5(A13)
(WR)P3.6 16 25 P2.4(A12)
(RD)P3.7 17 24 P2.3(A11)
XTAL2 18 23 P2.2(A10)
XTAL1 19 22 P2.1(A9)
GND 20 21 P2.0(A8)
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

13. Pin Description
Vcc(+5volt)
Pin - 40
Ground(0 volt)
Pin-20
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

14. Pin Description
Port 0 from
Pin-39 to pin-32
Dual functional
Used to excess both
data & address
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

15. Microcontroller 8051
Pin Description
Port 1 from
Pin-1 to pin-8
Used as I/O port
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

16. Pin Description
Port 2 from
Pin-21 to pin-28
Used to excess
address & as I/O port
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

17. Microcontroller 8051
Pin Description
Port 3 from
Pin-10 to Pin-17
P3.0 RXD
P3.1 TXD
P3.2 IN T0
P3.3 IN T1
P3.4 T0
P3.5 T1
P3.6 WR
P3.7 RD Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

18. Pin Description
External memory
reset
Add. Latch
enable
crystal
Program
Store Enable
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

19. Addressing Modes
• Immediate addressing modes
o ADD A, #23h (Add immediate data to Acc)
• Register addressing modes
o ADD A, R2 (Add register to Accumulator)
• Direct addressing modes
o ADD A, 40h (Add data at location 40h to Accumulator)
• Register Indirect addressing modes
o ADD A,@R2 (Add indirect RAM to Acc)
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

20. Timers/counters
• The 8051 has 2 timer/counter .
They can be used either as timers
to generate delay or as counters
to count events happening outside
the controller.
o e.g., traffic light.
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

21. Timers/Counters
• General 8051 has 2 timer:
o Two 16-bit timer
o The counters are divided into two 8-Bit registers called the
timer low (TL0, TL1) and high (TH0, TH1) bytes.
o All counters action is controlled by bit states in the timer
mode control register (TMOD), the timer/counter control
register (TCON), and certain program instructions.
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

22. TMOD Register:
• Gate : It controls the way by which timer/counter will
start.
(set when gate is controlled by hardware)
• C/T : Counter/Timer select bit.(set for counter)
• M1 : Mode bit 1.
• M0 : Mode bit 0.
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

23. Interrupts
Definition of ‘Interrupt’
“Event that disrupts the normal execution of a
program and causes the execution of special
instructions”
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

24. Interrupts
Program
time t
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

25. Interrupts
Interrupt
Program
time t
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

26. Interrupts
Interrupt
Program Program
Interrupt Service Routine
time t
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

27. Interrupts
• Internal or External
• Handling can be
enabled/disabled
• Prioritized
• General 8051:
o 3x timer interrupts,
o 2x external interrupts
o 1x serial port interrupt
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

28. Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

29. External Interrupts
Pins for
external
interrupts
P3.2 IN T0
P3.3 IN T1
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

30. Health card
Smart card
Robotics
ATM
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414

31. Thank You
Obrigado Gracia
s
Danke Grazie
Tecnocrats Infotech @9540854414