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Depression	
  in	
  Men:	
  
Signs,	
  Symptoms,	
  S2gma	
  	
  
and	
  Recovery	
  
Dr.	
  Mathieu	
  Dufour	
  
Psychiatrist	
  
Royal	
  O5awa	
  Mental	
  Health	
  Centre	
  
	
  
June	
  10,	
  2014	
  
What	
  is	
  depression?	
  
Depression	
  is	
  not	
  simply	
  a	
  temporary	
  change	
  
in	
  mood	
  or	
  a	
  sign	
  of	
  weakness.	
  	
  
	
  
It	
  is	
  a	
  real	
  medical	
  condi2on	
  with	
  many	
  
emo2onal,	
  physical	
  and	
  cogni2ve	
  symptoms.	
  	
  
3	
  
Some	
  stats	
  
•  About	
  1	
  in	
  5	
  Canadians	
  will	
  experience	
  an	
  
episode	
  of	
  mental	
  illness	
  during	
  their	
  lifeMme.	
  
•  About	
  1	
  in	
  10	
  Canadians	
  will	
  experience	
  an	
  
episode	
  of	
  major	
  depressive	
  disorder	
  during	
  
their	
  lifeMme.	
  
•  Women	
  more	
  likely	
  than	
  men	
  to	
  suffer	
  from	
  
depression	
  
•  Men	
  more	
  4	
  Mmes	
  more	
  likely	
  to	
  complete	
  
suicide	
  than	
  women	
  
4	
  
Bio	
  
Social	
  Psycho	
  
HéWhtérogén	
  What	
  causes	
  depression?	
  
Types	
  of	
  depression	
  
•  Major	
  depressive	
  disorder	
  (10%)	
  
•  Seasonal	
  depression	
  
•  Postpartum	
  depression	
  
•  Bipolar	
  depression	
  
•  Dysthymia	
  
•  Bereavement	
  
6	
  
Signs	
  &	
  Symptoms	
  
•  Emo2onal	
  
–  Depressed	
  mood	
  
–  Li5le	
  interest	
  
–  Worthlessness	
  or	
  Guilt	
  
–  Suicidal	
  thoughts	
  
•  Physical	
  
–  Sleep	
  
–  AppeMte	
  
–  Energy	
  
–  AgitaMon	
  or	
  slowing	
  of	
  movements	
  
–  *	
  SomaMc	
  complaints	
  
•  Cogni2ve	
  
–  ConcentraMon	
  
–  Memory	
  
7	
  
8	
  
Depressive	
  symptoms	
  
Criteria	
  for	
  
major	
  
depression	
  
Social	
  –	
  
OccupaMonal-­‐
Psychological	
  
DysfuncMon	
  
Are	
  men’s	
  symptoms	
  different	
  than	
  
women’s?	
  
Men	
  can	
  experience	
  depression	
  in	
  different	
  ways	
  to	
  
women	
  and	
  are	
  more	
  likely	
  to	
  	
  
deny	
  their	
  feelings	
  
hide	
  them	
  from	
  themselves	
  and	
  others,	
  or	
  try	
  to	
  	
  
mask	
  them	
  with	
  other	
  behaviors.	
  	
  
The	
  three	
  most	
  common	
  signs	
  of	
  depression	
  in	
  men	
  are:	
  
•  Physical	
  pain	
  
•  Anger	
  or	
  irritability	
  
•  Reckless	
  behaviors	
  
9	
  
10	
  
Depressive	
  symptoms	
  
Criteria	
  for	
  
major	
  
depression	
  
Social	
  –	
  
OccupaMonal-­‐
Psychological	
  
DysfuncMon	
  
What	
  makes	
  you	
  more	
  at	
  risk?	
  
•  Family	
  history	
  
•  Previous	
  history	
  of	
  depression	
  
•  Difficult	
  life	
  events	
  (Stressors)	
  
–  TraumaMc	
  events	
  in	
  childhood	
  	
  
–  Marital	
  conflicts	
  
–  Increased	
  work	
  demands	
  	
  
–  Chronic	
  illness	
  seems	
  to	
  put	
  someone	
  at	
  greater	
  
risk	
  of	
  becoming	
  depressed.8	
  
•  Substance	
  use	
  
11	
  
Depression	
  
Drugs	
  and	
  
Alcohol	
  
12	
  
Drugs	
  and	
  alcohol	
  
Women	
  tend	
  to:	
  
•  Use	
  food	
  and	
  friends	
  to	
  self-­‐medicate	
  
	
  
Men	
  tend	
  to:	
  
•  Use	
  alcohol	
  and	
  sports	
  to	
  self-­‐medicate	
  
13	
  
Bio	
  
Social	
  Psycho	
  
HéWhtérogén	
  Who	
  do	
  we	
  treat	
  depression?	
  
Lifestyle	
  changes	
  
Lifestyle	
  changes	
  are	
  extremely	
  effecMve	
  tools	
  at	
  
treaMng	
  depression	
  in	
  men:	
  
	
  
•  Regular	
  exercise	
  	
  
•  Eat	
  well	
  
•  Get	
  enough	
  sleep	
  	
  
•  Reduce	
  stress	
  
15	
  
Take-­‐home	
  messages	
  
•  Depression	
  is	
  very	
  common	
  
•  Depression	
  is	
  a	
  medical	
  condiMon	
  
•  Men	
  presents	
  differently	
  than	
  women	
  when	
  
depressed	
  
•  Suspect	
  depression	
  when	
  there	
  is	
  a	
  change	
  
in	
  funcMon	
  and	
  behaviors	
  
•  Depression	
  can	
  be	
  treated	
  effecMvely	
  
16	
  
Thank	
  you	
  

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Depression and Men

  • 1. Depression  in  Men:   Signs,  Symptoms,  S2gma     and  Recovery   Dr.  Mathieu  Dufour   Psychiatrist   Royal  O5awa  Mental  Health  Centre     June  10,  2014  
  • 2. What  is  depression?   Depression  is  not  simply  a  temporary  change   in  mood  or  a  sign  of  weakness.       It  is  a  real  medical  condi2on  with  many   emo2onal,  physical  and  cogni2ve  symptoms.    
  • 4. Some  stats   •  About  1  in  5  Canadians  will  experience  an   episode  of  mental  illness  during  their  lifeMme.   •  About  1  in  10  Canadians  will  experience  an   episode  of  major  depressive  disorder  during   their  lifeMme.   •  Women  more  likely  than  men  to  suffer  from   depression   •  Men  more  4  Mmes  more  likely  to  complete   suicide  than  women   4  
  • 5. Bio   Social  Psycho   HéWhtérogén  What  causes  depression?  
  • 6. Types  of  depression   •  Major  depressive  disorder  (10%)   •  Seasonal  depression   •  Postpartum  depression   •  Bipolar  depression   •  Dysthymia   •  Bereavement   6  
  • 7. Signs  &  Symptoms   •  Emo2onal   –  Depressed  mood   –  Li5le  interest   –  Worthlessness  or  Guilt   –  Suicidal  thoughts   •  Physical   –  Sleep   –  AppeMte   –  Energy   –  AgitaMon  or  slowing  of  movements   –  *  SomaMc  complaints   •  Cogni2ve   –  ConcentraMon   –  Memory   7  
  • 8. 8   Depressive  symptoms   Criteria  for   major   depression   Social  –   OccupaMonal-­‐ Psychological   DysfuncMon  
  • 9. Are  men’s  symptoms  different  than   women’s?   Men  can  experience  depression  in  different  ways  to   women  and  are  more  likely  to     deny  their  feelings   hide  them  from  themselves  and  others,  or  try  to     mask  them  with  other  behaviors.     The  three  most  common  signs  of  depression  in  men  are:   •  Physical  pain   •  Anger  or  irritability   •  Reckless  behaviors   9  
  • 10. 10   Depressive  symptoms   Criteria  for   major   depression   Social  –   OccupaMonal-­‐ Psychological   DysfuncMon  
  • 11. What  makes  you  more  at  risk?   •  Family  history   •  Previous  history  of  depression   •  Difficult  life  events  (Stressors)   –  TraumaMc  events  in  childhood     –  Marital  conflicts   –  Increased  work  demands     –  Chronic  illness  seems  to  put  someone  at  greater   risk  of  becoming  depressed.8   •  Substance  use   11  
  • 12. Depression   Drugs  and   Alcohol   12  
  • 13. Drugs  and  alcohol   Women  tend  to:   •  Use  food  and  friends  to  self-­‐medicate     Men  tend  to:   •  Use  alcohol  and  sports  to  self-­‐medicate   13  
  • 14. Bio   Social  Psycho   HéWhtérogén  Who  do  we  treat  depression?  
  • 15. Lifestyle  changes   Lifestyle  changes  are  extremely  effecMve  tools  at   treaMng  depression  in  men:     •  Regular  exercise     •  Eat  well   •  Get  enough  sleep     •  Reduce  stress   15  
  • 16. Take-­‐home  messages   •  Depression  is  very  common   •  Depression  is  a  medical  condiMon   •  Men  presents  differently  than  women  when   depressed   •  Suspect  depression  when  there  is  a  change   in  funcMon  and  behaviors   •  Depression  can  be  treated  effecMvely   16