Referencing

1. REFERENCING St. George’s guide to citing references

6. REFERENCING There are various referencing systems. At Saint George’s, we will be using the Numeric System/British Standard System. How the system works: Publications cited or referred to in the text are consecutively numbered, usually in superscript. For example: In a recent study 77 it was argued... However, other research 78 suggests... References are then arranged in numerical order at the end of the text or chapter, or as footnotes. If you wish to refer to a particular page, you should do this in the reference itself. Examples are as follows. 77. Harrington, A. The placebo effect . 2nd ed. Harvard U.Pr., 1997. 78. Fee, E. & Brown, T.M. Making medical history . John Hopkins U.Pr., 1997, 18. 79. Harrington, R. The neuroses of the railway. History Today , 1994, 44, 15-21. 80. Adem, A. et al. Group representations . American Mathematical Society, 1998.

7. REFERENCING For a chapter in a multi-authored book: 81. Hacking, I. Styles of statistical reasoning in McMullin, E. (ed.) The social dimensions of science . Univ.of Notre Dame Pr., 1992, 130-57. For an Internet site: 82. Bournemouth University Library. Guide to Citing Internet Resources . Available from: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/citing_references/citing_refs_main.html [Accessed 26 November 2009].

8. REFERENCING Some conventions within the numeric system If you are referring consecutively in the bibliography to the same work, it is usual to use the convention Ibid. (from the Latin word 'ibidem' meaning 'in the same place') in the following way. 83. Goldman, J.A. Building New York's sewers . Purdue U.Pr., 1997, 121. 84. Ibid. , 155. Similarly, you can refer back to an item which you have listed already using op. cit. (from the Latin 'opere citato' meaning 'in the work cited'). 85. Adem, A. et al. op. cit. , 122.

9. REFERENCING The full references in the bibliography are arranged in alphabetical order by author. Works by the same author are arranged according to date, and those with the same author and date, alphabetically by title, as follows. Adem, A. et al. (1998) Group representations . American Mathematical Society. Bournemouth University Library. (2002) Guide to Citing Internet Resources . Available from: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/citing_references/citing_refs_main.html [Accessed 26 November 2009]. Fee, E. & Brown, T.M. (1997) Making medical history . John Hopkins U.Pr. Hacking, I. (1992) Styles of statistical reasoning in McMullin, E. (ed.) The social dimensions of science . Univ. Notre Dame Pr., 130-57. Harrington, A. (1997a) Placebos in clinical trials. Medical History , 42, 116-31. Harrington, A. (1997b) The placebo effect . 2nd ed. Harvard U.Pr.