a dental programme'

1. FATHIMA SISINI
FINAL YEAR PART ONE

2. DEFINITION
• Anchorage in orthodontics as
the nature and degree of
resistance to displacement
offered by an anatomic unit for
the purpose of tooth
movement. (GRABER)
• Anchorage is the site of
delivary from which force is
exerted(White and Gardnier)

3. CLASSIFICATION(MOYERS)
• ACCORDING TO MANNER OF FORCE APPLICATION
SIMPLE STATIONARY RECIPROCAL
• ACCORDING TO JAWS INVOLVED
INTER MAXILLARY INTRA MAXILLARY
• ACCORDING TO SITE
INTRA 0RAL EXRAORAL MUSCULAR

4. • INTRA ORAL;-TEETH,ALVEOLAR
BONE,BASAL BONE
• EXTRA ORAL;-
CERVICAL,OCCIPITAL,CRANIAL,FACIAL
• MUSCULAR
• According to number of
anchorage units;-single or
primary,compound,multiple or
reinforced
CLASSIFICATION cntd….

5. INTRA ORAL ANCHORAGES
• 1) teeth
• 2)alveolar bone
• 3)basal bone
• 4)musculature

6. TEETH
• WHEN ONE TEETH MOVES THE
OTHERS CAN ACT AS ANCHORAGE
UNITS,IT DEPENDS ON
-ROOT FORM
-ROOT SIZE
-NO OF ROOTS
-ROOT LENGTH
-ROOT INCLINATION

7. ROOT FORM
• FLAT-RESIST MOVEMENTS IN MESIO-DISTAL
DIRECTION,BUT LITTLE RESISTANCE
BUCCOLINGUALLY
EG;-MANDIBULAR INCISORS AND MOLARS,BUCCAL ROOT OF
MAXILLARY MOLARS
• ROUND:-RESIST HORIZONTALLY DIRECTED
FORCE IN ANY DIRECTION
EG;-BICUSPID,PALATAL ROOT OF UPPER MOLARS
• TRIANGULAR;-MAXIMUM ANCHORAGE
EG;-CUSPIDS,MAXILLARY CENTRALS AND LATERALS

8. SIZE AND NUMBER OF ROOTS
• MULTIROOTED TEETH HAVING THE
MAXIMUM SIZE HAVE MAX. ANCHORAGE
ROOT LENGTH;-DIRECTLY
PROPOTIONAL TO ANCHORAGE
AXIAL INCLINATION;-ANCHORAGE IS
MORE WHEN FORCE EXERTED IS OPPOSITE
TO THAT OF AXIS OF INCLINATION OF
TEETH
ANKYLOSED TEETH;-NO PDL, SO NO
MOVEMENT-EXCELLENT ANCHORAGE

9. ALVEOLAR BONE
• ALVEOLAR BONE RESIST TOOTH
MOVEMENT UP TO ITS LIMIT,BEYOND
THAT IT ALLOW TOOTH MOVEMENT
BY REMODELLING
• HEALTHY ALVEOLAR BONE-MORE
ANCHORAGE

10. BASAL BONE
• CERTAIN AREAS ACT AS RESISTANCE
AREAS-PROVIDE GOOD ANCHORAGE-
HARD PALATE,LINGUAL SURFACE OF
MANDIBLE

11. MUSCULATURE
• HYPERTONIC LABIAL MUSCULATURE
USED FOR ANCHORAGE IN LIP
BUMPER

12. EXTRA ORAL
• 1)CRANIUM(OCCIPITAL OR PARIETAL
ANCHORAGE:-ANCHORAGE OBTAINED FROM
OCCPITAL OR PARIETAL BONE
EG:-HEAD GEAR TO RESTRICT MAXILLARY GROWTH
• 2)CERVICAL:-ANCHORAGE FROM CERVICAL OR
NECK REGION
• EG:-CERVICAL HEAD GEAR
• 3)FACIAL BONES:-FACE MASK USED TO PROTRACT
MAXILLA TAKE ANCHORAGE FROM MANDIBULAR
SYMPHYSIS
REVERSE HEAD GEARS TAKE ANCHORAGE FROM
FOR HEAD AND CHIN

14. SIMPLE ANCHORAGE
• IS THE DENTAL ANCHORAGE SUCH THAT MANNER
AND APPLICATION OF FORCE IS SUCH THAT IT
TENDS TO CHANGE THE AXIAL INCLINATION OF
THE TEETH
• THE RESISTANCE OF ANCHORAGE UNITS TO
TIPPING IS USED TO MOVE OTHER TEETH
• THE COMBINED ROOT SURFACE AREA OF THE
ANCHORAGE UNIT MUST BE DOUBLE TO THAT OF
TEETH TO BE MOVED
• EG:-PALATALY PLACED PREMOLAR IS PUSHED IN
TO THE ARCH BY REST OF THE TEETH AS ANCHOR
UNITS

16. STATIONARY ANCHORAGE
• MANNER AND
APPLICATION OF FORCE
TEND TO DISPLACE THE
ANCHORAGE UNIT
• RESISTANCE PROVIDED
BY THE ANCHORAGE
UNITS IS AGAINST BODILY
MOVEMENTS(DISPLACEME
NT)

17. RECIPROCAL ANCHORAGE
• RESISTANCE OFFERED BY TWO
MALPOSED UNITS WHEN THE
APPLICATION OF TWO EQUAL AND
OPPOSITE FORCES TEND TO MOVE
EACH UNIT TO A MORE NORMAL
POSITION
• EG:-CLOSURE OF MIDLINE DIASTEMA
CROSS BITE ELASTICS,EXPANSION
APPLIANCES

19. INTRA MAXILLARY ANCHORAGE
• TEETH ARE TO BE MOVED AND THE
ANCHORAGE UNITS ARE IN THE SAME
ARCH

20. INTER MAXILLARY ANCHORAGE
• TEETH ARE TO BE MOVED IN ONE
ARCH AND RESISTRANCE UNITS ARE
IN OPPOSITE ARCH
• EG:-CLASS II ,CLASS III ELASTICS

21. SINGLE OR PRIMARY
ANCHORAGE
• SINGLE TEETH WITH MORE ALVEOLAR
SUPPORT USED TO MOVE ONE WITH
LESSER SUPPORT

22. COMPOUND ANCHORAGE
• ANCHORAGE PROVIDED BY MORE
THAN ONE TEETH WITH GREAT
SUPPORT TO MOVE TOOTH WITH
LESS SUPPORT

23. REINFORCED ANCHORAGE
• MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF RESISTANCE
UNIT IS UTILIZED
• EG:-A)TO AUGMENT THE INTRA ORAL
ANCHORAGE, EXTRA ORAL ANCHORAGES
TRANS PALATAL ARCH,AND LINGUAL
ARCHES IS USED
B)UPPER ANTERIOR INCLINED PLANE USED
FOR FORWARD MOVEMENT OF MANDIBLE
USES MUSCULAR ANCHORAGES

26. MINI DENTAL IMPLANTS
• USED IN PATIENTS HAVING MULTIPLE LOST
TEETH OR HYPODONTIA OR TO AUGMENT
TEETH WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASES
• CLASSIFICATION
-ACCORDING TO EXPOSURE OF HEAD:-
OPEN-HEAD IS EXPOSED TO ORAL CAVITY-USED
WHEN SOFT TISSUES ARE NOT MOVABLE
CLOSED-EMBEDED UNDER SOFT TISSUES-MOVABLE
TISSUES

27. • ACCORDING TO IMPLANT PLACEMENT
1)SELF TAPPING METHOD:-IMPLANT TAPPED
IN TO A PREVIOUSLY DRILLED HOLE-
SMALLER DIAMETER IMPLANTS
2)SELF DRILLING METHOD:-IMPLANT IS
ITSELF DRILLED IN TO THE BONE-LARGER
DIAMETER IMPLANT
• ACCORDING TO THE PATH OF INSERTION:-
1)OBLIQUE;-30=60DEGREES TO LONG AXIS OF
TEETH-WHERE INTER RADICULAR BONE IS
NARROW
2)PERPENDICULAR;-INSERTED
PERPENDICULAR TO THE BONE SURFACE-
WHEN SUFFICIENT INTER RADICULAR BONE
PRESENT

29. SITE OF PLACEMENT OF MICRO
IMPLANTS
• 1)MAXILLARY
TUBEROCITY
• 2)INFRA
ZYGOMATIC CREST
• 3)BUCALLY B/W
MAX 6 & 7
• 4)BUCALLY B/W
MAX 5&6
• 1)MAXILLRY
POSTERIORS
• 2)RETRACTION OF
MAX.ANTERIORS
&INTRUSION OF
MAX.POSTERIORS
• 3)SAME AS ABOVE
• 4)SAME AS ABOVE
&TO TIP BUCALLY

30. • 5)BUCALLY B/W
MAX 3&4
• 6)LABIALLY B/W
MAX. CENTRALS
• 7)PALATALLY B/W
MAX 5&6
• 5)DISTAL &MESIAL
MVMT OF
MAX.MOLARS AND
INTRUSION OF MAX
BUCCAL TEETH
• 6)INTRUSION AND
TORQUE CONTROL
OF INCISORS
• 7)RETRACTION OF
MAX ANTERIORS
AND INTRUSION OF
MAX MOLARS

31. • 1)RETROMOLAR PADS
• 2)BUCALLY B/W MAND.
6&7
• 3)BUCALLY B/W 4&5
• 4)BUCALLY B/W 3&4
• 5)MADIBULAR
SYMPHYSIS
• 1)UPRIGHTING&RETRA
CTION OF
MAND.TEETH
• 2)INTRUSION &DISTAL
MVMT OF MAND
MOLARS,RETRACTION
OF MAND.ANTERIORS
• 3)SAME AS ABOVE
• 4)PROTRACTION OF
MOLARS
• 5)INTRUSION OF
MANDIBULAR
ANTERIORS
SITES IN MANDIBLE

33. ANCHORAGE PLANNING
• FACTORS AFFECTING ARE:-
1)NO; OF TEETH BEING MOVED:-TO MOVE GREATER
NO;OF TEETH, ANCHORAGE SHOULD BE MORE
2)TYPE OF TEETH:-TEETH HAVING MORE SURFACE
AREA REQUIRE MORE ANCHORAGE
3)TYPE OF MOVEMENT:-BODILY MOVEMENT REQUIRE
MORE ANCHORAGE
4)DURATION:-PROLONGED TREATMENTS REQUIRE
GOOD ANCHORAGE
5)SKELETAL GROWTH PATTERN:-
A)VERTICAL-REQUIRE MORE ANCHORAGE DUE TO
POOR TONICITY OF FACIAL MUSCLES
B)HORIZONTAL-VICE VERSA

34. • 6)OCCLUSAL INTERLOCK:-GOOD
OCCLUSION=GOOD ANCHORAGE
• ANCHORAGE LOSS:-UNWANTED TOOTH
MOVEMENTS DURING ORTHODONTIC
THERAPY
• BASED ON THE ANCHORAGE LOSS THE
ANCHORAGE DEMAND OF THE
EXTRACTION CASES ARE OF THREE
TYPES
• MAXIMUM,MODERATE,MINIMUM

35. MAXIMUM ANCHORAGE CASES
• ANCHORAGE DEMAND IS VERY HIGH
• NOT MORE THAN 1/4TH
OF THE
EXTRACTION PLACE SHOULD BE
LOST BY ANCHORAGE LOSS
• SO AUGMENTATION OF ANCHOR
TEETH REQUIRED

36. MODERATE ANCHORAGE
CASES
• ANCHORAGE LOSS 1/2TH TO 1/4TH
OF
EXTRACTION SPACE

37. MINIMUM ANCHORAGE CASES
• ANCHORAGE LOSS CAN BE MORE
THAN 1/2TH OF EXTRACTION SPACE

38. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• TEXT BOOK OF ORTHODONTICS-S I
BHALAJI,PROFET
• WWW.FUNNYTOOTH.COM
• WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM