The document discusses designing GPS-enabled mobile wayfinding applications to support users exploring environments on foot while maintaining high situation awareness. It reviews literature on urban recreational walking, wayfinding, cognitive science, situation awareness and interaction paradigms. The research approach involves testbenching applications and considering action theory to understand what happens during exploration. The goal is meaningful integration of users, technology and environments through wayfinding application design.

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TOMORROW
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BEYOND . . .
1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
The Walker’s Map
Designing GPS-enabled
mapping for the urban
recreational walkers

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TOMORROW
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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Sorry!
I’m a Designer;
I have no Discipline

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
PhD Research Question
How can GPS-enabled mobile
wayfinding applications be designed
to rapidly support the user exploring
an environment on foot, while
allowing them to maintain high
situation-awareness?

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Getting started.
Urban recreational walking.
What is it?
Where do it come from?

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Wordsworthian Cosmologies

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Semi-structured interviews.
Let’s get phenomenological…
Why/Where/How do you walk?

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Analysis

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The Findings
‘…the positive aspect is you’re never
lost and the negative aspect is that
you’re never lost.’
‘…you’re always constantly looking
down if you’re looking at your map
on your phone, which doesn’t help
because you’re going to miss
things.’

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Exploratory Wayfinding

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Findings from Cognitive Science
Problems:
Passive interaction.
Unstable Schemata.
Lack of environmental referencing.
Poor memory for distance.
(Willis et al. 2009)

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Situation Awareness
‘Situation awareness is the perception
of elements in the environment
within a volume of space and time,
the comprehension of their
meaning, and the projection of their
status into the near future.’
(Endsley 1995)

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Suggested Interaction Paradigms
for Wayfinding
Guide,
Local,
Chaperone,
Buddy,
Captain.
(Graham et al. 2004)

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The Key Drivers in the Research
Tracing Human-Artefact-Environment
relations through the literature.
Philosophy
Anthropology
Human Geography

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Ecological Psychology
‘Ambulatory vision’,
Seeing while moving…
Guided by ‘vistas’…
One vista leads to the next.

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Graphic Syntax Theory

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
My Research Approach

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1963 – 2013 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
My Research Approach

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Testbenching

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Next Steps: Action Theory

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What happens?

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Meaningful Integration