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Practitioner Perspectives - Impact investing in small-scale aquaculture enterprises
1. Impact
inves-ng
in
small-‐scale
aquaculture
enterprises:
Prac--oner
perspec-ves
Arun
Padiyar
Mogalthur
Aqua
Farmer’s
Welfare
Society,
India
arunpadiyar@gmail.com
2. Three
experiences
• Export
oriented,
high-‐value
commodity
(shrimp)
– Indian
Shrimp
farmer
Socie-es
– Indonesian
aquaculture
• Domes-c
market
oriented,
low-‐value
commodity
– Milkfish
value
chain
development
in
India
3. Small-‐scale
Shrimp
farming
in
India
and
Aceh
• Public
sector
investment
– India
(2001
onwards)
:
• MPEDA,
Govt.
of
India
and
NACA
– Aceh
(2007
onwards)
:
• MMAF,
Govt.
of
Indonesia,
IGO,
NGO
and
donors
(ADB,
ACIAR,
FAO,
ARC,
WorldFish,
NACA,
WWF,
OISCA)
4. Investment
Objec-ves
and
Ac-ons
• Objec2ve
– Improved
livelihoods
through
sustainable
aquaculture
• Ac2ons
– Promo-on
of
Be5er
Management
Prac2ces
(BMPs)
– Organizing
farmers
for
Cluster
Management
(farmer
groups
/
Socie-es
/
Kelompoks)
• Extension
services
to
farmers
7. Environmental
and
Social
Impacts
• Social:
– Democratic and transparent societies
– Increased in communication among stakeholders and along the
value chain
– Sharing of cost for common cause
– Harmony among farmers and other local resource users
• Environmental
– Efficient use of resources (feed and energy)
– Reduced use of chemicals
– Reduced discharge of contaminated water into waterways
– Increased awareness among stakeholders on environmental
care
8. Lessons
learned
• There
can
be
significant
impacts,
but:
– It
takes
-me
for
solid
results
• Slow
change
in
Knowledge,
actude
and
prac-ce
among
farmers
– Good
and
reliable
services
at
grass-‐root
brings
the
real
change
– Finding
good
“lead
farmers”
is
important
– Working
with
all
the
stakeholders
along
the
value
chain
can
bring
beder
and
quick
results
– Direct
financial/in-‐kind
support
to
farmers
brought
nega-ve
results.
9. Current
opportunity
• Public
Private
Partnership
– Cer-fica-on,
Branding
and
Marke-ng
the
Society/
Kelompok
shrimps
in
interna-onal
markets.
– Widening
the
programme
(BMP,
cluster
management)
to
include
other
locally
farmed
species
(carps,
pangasius,
scampi,
seabass,
crab
etc).
– Domes-c
market
development
• Marke-ng
farm
inputs
(Feed,
seed,
fer-lisers
etc)
• Marke-ng
of
farm
out-‐put
(fish
and
shrimp
sale
in
domes-c
market).
9
11. Issues
in
Consumer
Perspec2ves
Solu2ons
from
fish
market
business
Price
High
prices
of
marine
fish
Affordable
fish
•
especially
Marine
fish
•
<100-‐150
Rs/kg
at
retail
(150-‐1000
Rs/kg
at
retail)
Supply
Inconsistent
&
Consistent
&
unsustainable
supply
sustainable
supply
•
scarcity
and
erra-c
supply
of
fish
from
fish
farms
caused
by
overfishing
from
limited
wild
resources,
fishing
ban
and
climate
change
impact
Quality
Poor
quality
fish
Fresh
fish
•
due
to
prolonged
fishing
period
•
supplied
to
any
part
of
(3-‐15
days),
poor
harvest
and
post-‐ India
within
48
hours.
harvest
handling
by
tradi-onal
fisheries
prac-ces.
11
12. Value
proposi-on
of
the
investment
• Affordable,
fresh,
sustainable
and
all-‐-me
available
marine
fish
which
contributes
to
the
food
and
nutri-onal
security
of
India
and
South
Asia
and
helps
in
genera-ng
employment
especially
in
rural
areas.
12
13. Why
Milkfish
(Chanos
chanos)?
• Easy
to
Farm:
– Disease
resistant,
high
yielding
(10-‐15
ton/
Hectare),
2-‐10
months
of
crop
period
depending
on
market
size.
• Widely
Adaptable:
– Can
be
grown
in
seawater
as
well
as
in
freshwater.
Can
cater
to
Pan-‐Indian
consumer
taste
buds.
• Cost
effec-ve:
– Cost
of
farm
produc-on
is
about
USD
1/kg.
• Sustainable:
– Depends
on
vegetable
based
feed
and
has
high
feed
conversion
efficiency
(1.2-‐1.5
kg
feed
for
1
kg
fish
growth).
13
14. An-cipated
Investment
Impacts
• Domes-c
fish
market
size
(2009)
(Source:
FAO
FishStat
2011)
– USD
15
Billion
– 7
million
metric
ton
• Es-mated
contribu-on
of
the
value
chain
proposi-on
to
fisheries
sector
at
its
maturity
(2020)
– 7.5%
by
value
and
quan-ty
– i.e.,
USD
1.25
Billion
at
retail
and
527,000
metric
ton
of
milkfish
– 100,000
farmers
and
stakeholders
employed
along
the
value
chain
• Es-mated
market
share
of
business
proposi-on
at
maturity
(2020)
– 0.35%
of
the
retail
value
of
the
fish
promoted
by
the
BP
– i.e.,
USD
40
million/year
• Es-mated
investment
requirement
on
business
proposi-on
(brood
bank
and
hatchery)
– USD
3
million
over
10
years