atherosclerosis is the most common cause of death over the world so it becomes very much important to know the new treatments methods to prevent the death poll.

1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE
TREATMENTS OF
ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
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2. WHAT IS ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
 Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerotic vascular
disease) is a condition where the arteries
become narrowed and hardened due to an
excessive build up of plaque around the artery
wall.The disease disrupts the flow of blood
around the body, posing serious
cardiovascular complications.
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3. WHY SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT
ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
 Statins are highly effective in lowering low-
density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels,
and therefore represent the first-line
treatment for prevention of cardiovascular
disease. Despite this, a substantial proportion
(>50%) of high-risk patients do not meet
guideline targets for LDL cholesterol
reduction.This clearly indicates an unmet
need for additional treatment to improve LDL
goal achievement.
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4.  Although atherosclerosis usually manifests in
later life, its early phases are present in
teenagers and young adults.
 The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis,
such as CVD, are common in Western and
urban populations, and are an important and
common cause of death and disease.
 Statins produce significant toxicity at high
doses in a variety of animal species.
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5.  Effects can be prevented by administering
mevalonate, the product of the reaction
catalysed by HMG-CoA reductase.This indicates
that these toxic effects are mostly, if not entirely,
attributable to extreme inhibition of the enzyme
at high doses.
 The risk of myopathy with statins is increased by
concomitant administration of certain other
drugs, particularly gemfibrozil and to a lesser
extent, possibly some other fibrates, and niacin.
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7. TREATMENT:
 1)HDL usage : Boosting HDL cholesterol’s
role as an ally against heart disease. However,
the failure and increased mortality rates of
one HDL-raising trial drug, torcetrapib, in
2006 highlights the challenges of discovering
the right therapy.
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8.  It has raised concerns that maybe it’s not
raising the right kinds of HDL. All forms of
LDL are bad, HDL is a much more
complicated story.HDL is called the “good
cholesterol,” but in truth, HDL particles vary
in size and composition, and we don’t know if
all forms of HDL are good.
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 2)Anti inflammatories: Inflammation plays a key
role in plaque formation and subsequent plaque
rupture, which can lead to a heart attack. Statins
along with lowering LDL cholesterol have anti
inflammatory effect which help in preventing the
atheromatous plaque rupture.
 But, we have to develop entirely new types of
drugs that specifically prevent or reduce
inflammation in artery walls, by attacking root
causes.

10. Immunotherapeutic
approaches:
1) Lipid BasedVaccines: This approach involves
the inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion
formation, associated with increased CETP
antibodies, decreased CETP activity, and
modified lipoprotein profiles.
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11.  2)VaccinationStrategies Based on Epitopes of
Oxidized LDL: The different epitopes of oxidized LDL
(oxLDL) induce atherogenic immune responses.This is an
effective tool for modulation of the immune response to
oxLDL.Also, a number of studies have shown that
immunization against oxLDL reduces atherosclerosis.
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12.  Immunization with a peptide of apoB-100 (p210)
fused to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB), which
binds to a ganglioside on mucosal epithelia for 12
weeks, caused a 35% reduction in aortic lesion size in
atherosclerosis-prone apoE-deficiency.
 3) Heat Shock Proteins:Autoimmunity to heat shock
proteins (HSPs) is one element in atherosclerosis-
induced immune responses. Repeated mucosal
administration of Mycobacterium HSP60/65, both
orally and nasally, inhibited atherosclerotic lesion
formation in LDL-receptor-deficient mice.
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13. CONCLUSION:-
 In order to reduce further myocardial deaths
we have to find safer and effective
treatments methods against atherosclerosis
and thereby reducing mortality and
morbidity.
 Right drug for the given condition.
 Atherosclerosis can be prevented by lifestyle
changes and by eating healthy food.
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