Im Zinhle Mkwanazi student at University of Johannesburg,Im doing BEd Degree these is my third year, i will complete my course next year 2015

1. IM MISS ZINHLE MKWANAZI 201208819, IM GOING TO TEACH THE
SENIORPHASE CLASSES WHICH ARE GRADE 7 TO 9.IM A TEACHER OF LIFE
ORIENTATION.I LIKE TO ENGAGE LEARNERS FROM DIFFERENT KNOWLEDGE
THAT IS BASED ON LIFE,SOCIETY,COMMUNITY,CARRER AND EVERYTHING
THAT IS DUE TO SOCIAL LIFE THAT WE NEED WHEN WE GROW UP IN
DIFFERENT STAGES.

2. LIFE ORIENTATION IS CENTRAL TO THE HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF
LEARNERS. IT ADDRESSES SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES FOR THE
PERSONAL, SOCIAL, INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL GROWTH OF
LEARNERS, AND IS CONCERNED WITH THE WAY IN WHICH THESE FACETS ARE
INTERRELATED. LIFE ORIENTATION GUIDES AND PREPARES LEARNERS FOR
LIFE AND ITS POSSIBILITIES AND EQUIPS THEM FOR MEANINGFUL AND
SUCCESSFUL LIVING IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING AND TRANSFORMING SOCIETY.

3. IM GOING TO TAKE 5WEEKS IN GRADE
9,TEACHING THEM THIS 5TOPICS

The subject contains the following five topics in Grades 7 to 9:

How can you effectively maintain a positive self-image in the face of life’s problems?

Managing Stress

RECENT UNDERSTANDING ABOUT STRESS

Stress, Health, and Coping
Stress
and Depression

4. 1.How can you effectively maintain a positive
self-image in the face of life’s problems?
 Prevent and reduce distress


Keeping a moderate amount of stress keeps you alert and ready to respond
Too little stress causes boredom; too much and you’re overwhelmed
Create eustress
When responses to stressors lead to productive outcomes and constructive coping, this
is eustress
Coping skills are needed
Strive to live within your comfort zone
You need to keep a certain level of arousal from stressors to stay within your comfort
zone

5. Coping with Stress
 Buffer and protect yourself from negative consequences

Coping helps to cushion the effects of stressors and provides a certain amount of
protection from them
Conserve, replenish, and build an inventory of resources needed to
manage stress
The coping process is where you spend a variety of resources to deal with a situation
The more resources you have to spend, the better you cope
Material resources, personal qualities, and social support are resources

6. Achieving the Goals for Coping with
Stress;
 Thinking constructively
Restructure how events are perceived
Irrational beliefs fuel emotional fires
Words like all, every, always, never, totally, essential, must,
should, have to, need to, ought to, must, awful, terrible, horrible
lead to personal problems leading to depression, irritability,
loneliness, excessive worrying, etc.
Three categories of irrational beliefs:
Drivers: perfectionism, do it yesterday, macho, selfsacrifice, push to the limit
Stoppers: catastrophizing, negative thinking, arbitrary
inference, rigidity, living in the past, waiting around,
quitting, procrastination
Distorters: overgeneralizing, blaming others, narrowminded, denial, stereotyping, either/or thinking,
overestimating, illogical thinking, personalization

7. The Role of Your Self-Image
 Three important definitions
Self – the “I,” “me.” or “myself”
Self-image – how you see yourself
Self-concept – how you define yourself
Self-esteem – the positive or negative feelings about yourself overall
 The self-image as a guide and regulator of your actions
The “self” is tied to the roles you play and these roles are scripts that guide your actions
The self-concept includes a variety of roles, so conflict can develop between roles
 The self-image in developing and maintaining relationships
If you have insight into your positive and negative characteristics, you can see others more
accurately

8. Relaxation
Techniques
Relaxation helps to relieve stress, decrease tension, and slow down the
physiological arousal associated with stress
Slow, rhythmic breathing
Many different techniques you can use
You may use a “mantra” or key word that can help you to relax
Guided Imagery
Seeing yourself in a nature scene where you are relaxed and comfortable
Take your time to enjoy each scenario within your nature scene
Disengage yourself
Whenever you feel tense and stressed, stop what you’re doing and thinking
Take a deep breath, and tell yourself to relax and clear your mind of all thoughts
Concentrate on only one thing apart from where you are

9.  Organize and manage your time more effectively
Establish priorities
Organize your activities allocating them into specific periods of time
Filter your activities to determine what you really need to do
The challenge is setting and acting upon your priorities within the time available
Personal priorities need to focus on: Preventing problems
Building relationships
Acting on new opportunities for yourself
Finding time for recreation and leisure
 Become a little selfish
A selfish approach to life means you take time out of your daily schedule to devote to
yourself
Relaxing, taking walks, hobbies, reading, enhancing various skills, and other growthproducing activities

10. 2.Managing Stress
Resolving Stress;
Adaptive Stress Response
ccccccccccccc
response
chronic stress
response

11. Effects of Stress

Stress and immunity


Chronic stress may cause the immune system to be under- or overactive
Stress and cardiovascular disease

Type A personality: Competitive, ambitious impatient


Associated with heart attacks
Type B personality: Relaxed, patient

12. How Americans Cope with Stress

13. Social Aspects of Stress
Management
 Make
time to have fun and play
 Laughter
is effective
 Human
contact through social
connections
 Pets
can reduce stress

14. Environmental Aspects of Stress
Management




Reduce noise levels
Amount/type of light
Meaningful and challenging experiences
Aesthetic quality of inhabited space
 Color
 Plants
 Photos
 Smell

15. Psychological Aspects of Stress
Management

Relaxation and deep breathing

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)

Guided imagery and visualization

Meditation

Hypnosis

Biofeedback

16. 3.Stress, Health, and Coping
A negative emotional state in
response
to events that we perceive as taxing
our resources or our ability to cope
Stressors—events that are perceived
as harmful, threatening, or
challenging

17. Social and Cultural Sources of
Stress
 Social conditions that promote stress
 poverty, racism, crime
 low SES tend to have highest levels of stress
 Culture clashes lead to stress
 company owned by different culture
 refugees, immigrants suffer
 acculturative stress

18. Health Effects of Stress
Indirect effects—promote behaviors that
jeopardize physical well being. Use of
drugs, lack of sleep, poor concentration
Direct effects—promote changes in body
functions, leading to illness such as
headaches and other physical symptoms

20. Social Factors Promoting Health
Social support—resources provided by others in times of need
Emotional—expressions of concern,
empathy, positive regard
Tangible—direct assistance such as
lending money, providing meals
Informational—such as making good
suggestions, advice, good referrals

21. Social Support
Improves ability to cope with stress & benefits health
person modifies appraisal of stressor’s significance to be less threatening
helps to decrease intensity of physical reactions to stress
make person less likely to experience negative emotions
Pets as social support
especially for elderly and people who live alone
Gender and social support

22. 4.RECENT UNDERSTANDING ABOUT STRESS
INTRODUCTION;
 Stress is a common problem that affects almost all of us
at some point in our lives. Learning to identify when we
are under stress, what is stressing us and different ways
of coping with stress can greatly improve both our
mental and physical well being.
 Stress is one of the central concepts in Psychiatry.
 Stress has been invoked as a cause of major
psychopathology, a precipitator or trigger of psychiatric
illness and a contributor to considerable mental
anguish.

23. DIFFERENT MODELS OF STRESS
 Alarm is the first stage. When the stressor is identified the body's stress response is
a state of alarm. Adrenaline will be produced in order to bring about the fightor-flight response. There is also some activation of the HPA axis,
producing cortisol.
 Resistance is the second stage. If the stressor persists, it becomes necessary to
attempt some means of coping with the stress. Although the body begins to try
to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep
this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.
 Exhaustion is the third. At this point all of the body's resources are eventually
depleted and the body is unable to maintain normal function. The
initial autonomic nervous system symptoms may reappear. If stage three is
extended, long term damage may result as the body, and the immune system is
exhausted and function is impaired resulting in decompensation.

24. CAUSES OF STRESS

26. Side Effects of Stress
 DEPRESSION : one of the side effects of stress, caused
actually by the excess of stress
 WEIGHT GAIN :The calories intake increases significantly
during stressful moments. When we are stressed, we try
to compensate the problems we are facing by eating
more than we need.
 WEAK IMMUNE SYSTEM: Stress has a big role in
weakening our immune System.
 INSOMNIA

27. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO STRESS
A)NEUROTRANSMITTER RESPONSE TO STRESS
STRESS activates

Noradrenergic system

Serotonergic system

Dopaminergic system

Amino acid and peptinergic neurotransmitter system
(B)ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO STRESS
STRESS activates HPA AXIS

CRH acts at the anterior pituitary to trigger release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)which
acts at the adrenal cortex to stimulate the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids.

Glucocorticoids themselves have myriad effects within the body, but their actions can be
summarized in the very short term as promoting energy use, increasing cardiovascular activity (in
the service of the flight-or-fight response), and inhibiting functions such as growth, reproduction,
and immunity.

28. 5.STRESS AND DEPRESSION
What Are Some Common Sources of Stress?
• Situations in the home
– Parents’ separation or divorce,
– A new stepparent,
– A new brother or sister,
– A single parent household,
– Little or no emotional support,
– Neglect (personal needs not met),
– Abuse (physical or sexual)…

29. REACTIONS TO STRESS

30. REFERENCES;
4. SATYAKAM
MOHAPATRA
• SATYAKAM MOHAPATRA
JUNIOR RESIDENT
JUNIOR RESIDENT –II
–II
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY
DEPARTMENT OF
PSYCHIATRY
5.file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/
stressanddepression-121019115131phpapp02.ppt
3.file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/health
stressandcopingcombined-130228052129phpapp02.pptx