This document provides an overview of chest x-ray (CXR) basics and techniques. It discusses the main types of radiologic imaging used for pulmonary examinations, including plain CXR, CT, ultrasound and others. The bulk of the document focuses on performing and interpreting plain CXRs, outlining the key steps of evaluating technical quality, anatomical structures, and differentiating common radiographic findings such as consolidation, cavitary lesions, and pulmonary nodules. It provides examples of normal and abnormal CXR presentations of various pulmonary diseases.
9. LIMITATIONS OF CXR
*Chest diseases with normal CXR.
-Asthma - Early Cancer
-Embolism - Bronchitis
*Suggest but does not diagnose.
CHEST X-RAY 9
10. Technical quality; projection, penetration, degree of inspiration, &
centralization.
Lung fields.
Look at the hilum.
Trachea
Heart and mediastinum.
SUGGESTED SCHEME FOR
VIEWING THE PA FILM:
CHEST X-RAY 10
23. • The anterior end of 6th rib or posterior ends of 10th rib are above the right
hemidiaphragm.
• If more ribs are visible the patient is hyperinflated.
• If fewer are visible, the film is expiratory.
DEGREE OF INSPIRATION
CHEST X-RAY 23
53. 1) CONSOLIDATION:
• Air bronchogram is an important sign, showing that
shadowing is intrapulmonary, it is a hallmark for
consolidation.
• It is not seen within pleural effusion
• Causes of consolidation :
* pneumonia.
* Pulmonary infarction.
CHEST X-RAY 53
68. It is a single discrete pulmonary opacity must be 3cm or less in
diameter that is surrounded by normal lung tissue & not
associated with adenopathy or atelectasis
* Tumor (bronchogenic carcinoma).
* Infection (TB, fungi, hydatid)
* Pulmonary infarction.
*Collagen (RA, Wagener's granulomatosis).
3) SOLITARY PULMONARY
NODULE:
CHEST X-RAY 68