this ppt seeks to introduce the viewer about the evolving trends in Indian Railways and how Indian railways has slowly started to emerge as a technologically advanced transporter .

1. Indian Railways - Past and Present
By: Chitresh Shrivastva

2. A new chapter begins
 Introduction of railways paved way for Industrialization in
the 19th Century
 Employment opportunities for people in the Urban and Rural
areas*
 Construction of workshops for maintaining locomotives and
coaches
 Pioneer of modern management techniques

3.  Helped in breaking Social and cultural differences
 Facilitated discipline in the society*
 Emergence of nationalism and emperialism
 Stations as a place for meeting people of diverse cultures
 North America and England highly benefited later shifting the
same to India

4. In the Indian scenario
 British earlier planned to construct line between Bangalore and
Madras( today known as Chennai)*
 Survey carried out between 1831-33
 British shifted their attention to the construction of Mumbai-
Thane line.
 Location of ports perhaps prompted the British to construct the
line between Mumbai and Thane

5. Factors taken into
consideration
 Cost of construction*
 Returns expected on the particular route
 Climatic conditions
 Geographical conditions
 Geographical security
 Procurement of trustworthy and competent workers

6. Gauge System
 5ft 6in*. Gauge suggested by Lord Dalhousie and Mr. Simms,
government engineer
 Ensured greater volume of traffic
 Evolution of 3 different gauge systems in 1871
Gauge Measurement
Broad 5’6”
Metre 3’0.75”
Narrow 2’0”
2’6”

7. An abrupt evolution?
 Railways evolved in 6 different stages
 10 private companies set up for construction of railways
 Need aroused due to slow pace of construction of railways
under the Company
 Provision of capital for laying down of railway lines
 The interest rate fixed at 4.5% to 5%

8.  The system however was criticized by Lord Lawrence
 Railway Companies often inflated their expenses which caused
financial burden on the government
 1869 onwards he government takes control of construction of
railway lines
 1870-1882 a catalyzing period for railways
 5000 miles of line suggested for protection of countries
against famines

9.  Purchase of railway companies by the government
 Princely states encouraged to build their own railways
 Their existed 42 different railway systems.
 Gwalior Light Railway , Nizam State Railway and Sangli state
Railway some prominent railways
 Railways forced to curtail its expenditure
 Approx. 17000 crores withdrawn from Railway Safety fund
during theWorld War II od which Britain was a part

10. What about finances?
 Ackworth Committee in 1920
 Committee comprised of Indians like Rajendranath Mukherjee,
V.S Srinivas, Sir Purushottam Das Thakurdas
 Suggested that railways can function effectively provided that
it is separated from the General Budget
 The recommendations of Ackworth Committee approved in
the convention held on September 20, 1924
 During the colonial regime Railways was a private enterprise
that evolved on public risk
 Introduction subsidy provision*

11. 3 different financial alternatives : Revenue surpluses, borrowed
money and reserve surpluses evolved.
Railways staggered to meet the interest charges at full rate.
The financial performance however revived during 1930s and
1940s
Railways fully nationalized post independence

12. Freight and passenger output
between 1884- 1939
Freight
10%
Passenger
3%

13. Freight and Passenger output
between 1881-1939
Freight
4%
Passenger
4%

14. GLOBALIZATION AND INDIAN
RAILWAYS

15. Globalization and its impact on Indian
Railways
 1991 as a year of economical transformation.
 Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization takes birth
in India.
 Indian Railways retained the tag of a Public Sector
Undertaking.
 At the time of Economic Reforms Indian Railways was
financially weak
 Termed as a Time Bomb waiting to explode

16.  Railways now in a position to initiate projects on the PPP
model*
 Konkan Railway, Pipavav Railway Corporation , Rail
Vikas Nigam some prominent examples.
 Introduction of schemes like OYW (Own Your Wagon),
BOLT (Build Operate Lease Transfer) and BOT (Build
Operate Transfer)

17.  Setting up of International Institute Of Railways in New
Delhi
 RITES and IRCON- the technical and constructional wing
of Indian Railways have worked on several international
projects
 Setting up of CONCOR in association with International
Union of Railways

18. Are there any evidences of global companies prior to
economic reforms?
 The Swiss Elevator and Car Mfg. company set up the first
rail coach factory in Perambur
 ALCO a USA based company the first diesel locomotive
rolled out in 1964
 Other companies which came into play Jessop and Co.,
Burn and Co. and Braithwaite and Co. which are now Bhari
Udyog Nigam Ltd.

19. Post 1991 Developments
 The first 4000 HP locomotive with State-of-the-Art
technology and was rolled out in 2002
 100% dynamic Braking
 Capable of hauling a 24 coach train at 160 kmph
 Co-Co Wheel Design
 Cost : Approx. 11.5 crores
 6000 ltrs Fuel Capacity

20.  In 2003 Indian Railway introduced German Manufactured
ALSTOM LHB coaches
 Maximum Operating Speed :160 kmph
 Higher seating Capacity
 Anti telescopic*
 CBC- Central Buffer Coupling
 Controlled Discharge System*
 Cost : 75 lakhs- 1.8 crores

21.  The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works rolled out the first
state - of Art Electric locomotivesWAP5 AndWAP7
 Engine horsepower for WAP5- 5400 HP and WAP7-6000
HP
 Maximum Operating speed- 160kmph
 Builder: CLW under ToT from Adtranz

22. Data regarding export of locomotives (Country
wise)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Sudan Myanmar Angola
Locomotives

23. Export of Rolling Stock (Coaches)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Myanmar South Africa Taiwan
Rolling Stock

24. The Next Generation E-ticketing
 Project Sanctioned in 2013
 Developed by IRCTC
 Announced in 2013 Rail Budget by Pawan Bansal
 Uses the Beta software developed by Germany
 Ability to generate 7200 tickets per minute
 Estimated cost of the project is 74 crore rupees

25. Dedicated Freight Corridors
 Foundation stone laid in 2009
 Expected to be operational by 2016-17
 Approx., cost as per khankodkar committee is 2,40,000 core
rupees
 Speed of freight trains on this stretch estimated to be
around 100kmph
 Two corridors North- South, East to West and diagonals.
Trains will be about 100 cars long

26. High Speed Corridors
 Intended to reduce travel time on some of the
busiest sections
 Setting up of High Speed Rail corporation
 Company set up in 2012
 Subsidiary of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited

27. Routes undergoing feasibility
study
Route Participating
companies
Total length
Pune- Mumbai- Ahmedabad RITES, Systra (France),
Italferr (Italy)
650 km
Delhi to Patna (via: Agra,
Varanasi, Lucknow)
Mott McDonald (UK) 991 km
Howrah- Haldia Ineco, Prointec, Ayesa
(Spain)
135 km
Hyderabad- Dornakal-
Vijayawada-Chennai
Parsons Brickenhoff
(India)
664 km
Chennai- Bangalore-
Coimbatore- Ernakulum –
Thiruvananthapuram
JARTS (Japan Railway
Technical Service) and
Oriental Consultants
850km

28. What are the bottlenecks?
 Cost of construction
 Track alignment
 Wheel Design
 Need for an elevated corridor
 Financial constraints
 Land Acquisition
 Fencing of the entire corridor

29. THANK YOU