3. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF WAR?
• Loss of lives and economy
• Loss of cultural heritage
4. CULTURAL HERITAGE:
• Cultural heritage can be subdivided into two types
• Tangible and intangible heritage.
• The Tangible includes built heritage such as religious buildings, museums,
monuments, and archaeological sites, as well as movable heritage such as
works of art and manuscripts.
• Intangible cultural heritage includes customs, music, fashion and other
traditions within a particular culture.
5. WORLD WAR 1
• DATE: 28 JULY 1914 – 11
NOVEMBER 1918
(4 years 3 weeks and 2days)
• LOCATION: Europe, Africa , The
middle east , Pacific island , China ,
Indian ocean , off the coast of south
and North America
6. CONT..
• The war drew in all the world's economic great powers, assembled in two
opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the Russian
Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland) versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-
Hungary.
• More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans,
were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. Over 9
million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of the war.
8. CONT…
• This was all that remained of the
Belgian town of Ypres in March
1919 after fierce fighting during
World War One reduced it to mere
rubble
9. CONT…
• An aerial view of construction in
1930 which gives an idea of how
the city looked before it was
bombarded during the Great War.
10. CONT…
• Trees along an avenue in Locre,
Belgium, lie torn to shreds. These
images are from a series
documenting the devastation
caused along the Western Front
11. CONT…
• The Hotel de Ville in Arras,
Northern France, looks more like a
medieval ruins after it was heavily
shelled during World War One
12. CONT…
• A peaceful pond is what remains
today of the craters made by
massive mines on the Messines
Ridge near Ypres. Their explosion
was heard in London
13. CONT…
• A huge bomb crater at Messines
Ridge in Northern France,
photographed circa March 1919,
soon after the end of World War
One.
14. CONT…
• the Cloth Hall looked just before
before the 1st bombardment by the
Germans during the first world war
in October 1914
15. CONT…
• The Cloth Hall at Ypres, which was
one of the largest commercial
buildings of the Middle Ages when
it served as the main market for the
city's cloth industry
16. CONT…
• St Martin's cathedral which was
rebuilt using the original plans after
the war. At 102 meters (335 ft), it is
among the tallest buildings in that
time.
18. CHANGES:
• Rejected classical traditions and developed new styles to match industrial and
urbanized world.
• Removed historical references and built everything in pure form for
functional purposes.
• Completely new style to fit the needs of working and middle class
19. STYLES:
• Fuctionalism: principle that architects should design a building based on purpose of
that building.
• Lius Sullivan
1. Father of sky scrappers
2. First to make steel buildings
• Frank Lloyd
1. Organic architecture
2. Falling water
20. • Modernism: characterized by simplification of forms and creation of ornaments
from the strcture and theme of the building.
• Walter Groupuis
1. Designed famous door handle
2. Creator of bauhus
• Le Corbusier
1. Used thin reinforced columns
2. skyscrappers
21. WORLD WAR 2
• DATE: 1 September 1939 – 2
September 1945 (6years and 1day)
• LOCATION: Europe , pacific ,
atlantic , south east asia , china ,
middle east , north America and
Africa.
22. CONT…
• It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than
100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major
participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities
behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military
resources.
• World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50
million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians.
24. • 450 churches and monasteries of
the Serbian Orthodox Church were
destroyed or damaged during the
World War II by the
Croatian Ustaše, specially in the
regions
of Dalmatia, Lika, Kordun, Banija a
nd Slavonia.
25. CONT…
• Ruined buildings in the village of
Neuve Eglise, also known as
Nieuwkerke, which was heavily
bombed.
26. CONT…
• the heavily bombed ruins in the
city of St. Lo, France, August 1944.
27. CONT…
• the heavily bombed ruins in the
city of St. Lo, France, August 1944.
28. CONT…
• From September 7, 1940 London
was bombed for 57 consecutive
nights. This image shows the
destruction of many of the
buildings surrounding St. Paul's
Cathedral, which was largely
undamaged.
29. RECONSTRUCTION:
• It was divided into two groups:
• One group wanted a new city built on the ruins using the fashionable art
deco architecture.
• Another group, which prevailed, favoured using the existing plans for the old
city to create a replica of pre-war
