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4. চযর্াপদ
েলকচার - ০২

5.  বাংলা সািহেতয্র ইিতহাস:
 Ph©vc` cÖvPxb hy‡Mi GKgvÎ wbf©i‡hvM সািহিতয্ক wb`k©b|
 Ph©vc` †eŠ� mnwRqv‡`i mvab msMxZ|
 1882 wLªóv‡ã Ph©vc‡`i K_v cÖ_g D‡jøL cvIqv hvq
iv‡R›`ªjvj wg‡Îi Sanskrit Buddhist Literature in
Nepal MÖ‡š’|
 Ph©vc` Avwe®‹…Z nq 1907 wLªóv‡ã|
 Ph©vc` e½xq সািহতয্ cwil` †_‡K 1916 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ
nq|

6.  cÖ_g cÖKv‡ki mgq Ph©vc‡`i ÔnvRvi eQ‡ii cyivb evsjv
fvlvq েবৗ�Mvb I †`vnvÕ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq| GB eB‡qi
Ph©vc‡`i m‡½ ÔWvKvY©eÕ I Ô†`vnv‡KvlÕ cyuw_ cÖKvk n‡qwQj|
 Ph©vc‡`i Aci bvg¸‡jv n‡jv : চযর্য্াচযর্য্িবিন�য়,
Ph©vðh©wewbðq, Ph©vMxwZKv, Ph©vMxwZ‡Kvl|
 nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi g‡Z Ph©vc‡` bvg "চযর্য্াচযর্য্িবিন�য়"। Gi
A_© Ô†Kv‡bvwU AvPiYxq †Kv‡bvwU AvPiYxq bqÕ|
 myKygvi †m‡bi g‡Z Ph©vc‡`i bvg ÔPh©vðh©wewbðqÕ| Gi A_©
ÔAvðh© RxebvPiYÕ|
 Ph©v A_© AvPiY|

7.  Avwe®‹vi : Ôweweav_©Õ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K iv‡R›`ªjvj wgÎ 1882
wLªóv‡ã Sanskrit Buddhist Literature in Nepal MÖ‡š’
†bcv‡j msMÖnxZ েবৗ�a‡g©i সািহেতয্র K_v cÖKvk K‡ib|
iv‡R›`ªjv‡j মৃতু য্র ci evsjv, wenvi I Avmv‡gi cyuw_ msMÖ‡ni
`vwqZ¡ c‡o XvKv wek¦weদয্ালেয়র evsjv wefv‡Mi cÖavb
gnvg‡nvপাধয্ায় nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi Ici| hvi d‡j wZbevi
†bcvj hvb| cÖ_g evi 1897 wLªóv‡ã, wØZxq evi 1998
wLªóv‡ã Ges Z…Zxqevi 1907 wLªóv‡ã| †bcvj ivR`iev‡ii
msMÖnkvjv ev Ôi‡qj পয্ােলস wgDwRqvg Ae †bcvjÕ †_‡K
nicÖmv` kv¯¿x Ph©vc‡`i m‡½ Ômnicv‡`i †`vnvÕ, ÔK…òcv‡`i
†`vnvÕ Ges ÔWvKvY©eÕ cyuw_ Lyu‡R cvb| Ph©vc` Qvov evwK wZbwU
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ bv, evsjv fvlvi c~e©eZx© ¯Íi, Acåsk ev
e½Kvgiƒwc fvlvq iwPZ|

8. ¯’vb : Ph©vi AwaKvsk c` bIMvui cvnvocyi Z_v †mvgcyi wenv‡i
iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
c`KZ©v : Ph©vc‡` PweŸkRb c`KZ©vi bvg cvIqv hvq|

9. Qovq Qovq c`KZ©v :
Kvý K¤^j ক
ু �
ু রী,
fzmyKz fv‡` ¸¸ix
PvwUj ZvoK Zš¿x,
min kei kvwšÍ
jvwo‡Wv¤^x †Wv¤^x K¼Y,
Rqb›`x `vwiK েঢ�ণ
weiæi exYvi ag©,
gnxai Av‡h©i Kg©
jyB e‡j g‡b ivLv PvB,
‡eB Zzwg PvKwi cv‡e fvB|

10. c`msখয্া : Ph©vc‡`i msখয্া 50wU| Z‡e myKzgvi †mb g‡b K‡ib
51 wU|
D�viK…Z c‡`i msখয্া : mv‡o †QPwjøk|
Aby�viK…Z c‡`i msখয্া : mv‡o wZb
Aby�vi ev wejyß c`¸‡jv n‡jv : 23 b¤^‡ii †klvsk
(fzmyKzcv), 24 b¤^i (Kvýcv), 25 b¤^i (Zš¿xcv), 48 b¤^i
(ক
ু �
ু রীপা)|

11. †K KqwU c` iPbv K‡ib : me‡P‡q †ewk c` iPbv K‡i‡Qb
Kvýcv|
Kvýcv : 13wU (gZvšÍ‡i 12wU)
fzmyKzcv : 8wU (wØZxq m‡e©v”P)
mincv : 4wU
jBcv : 2wU
kvwšÍcv : 2wU
keicv : 2wU
অনয্রা 1wU K‡i c` iPbv K‡ib|

12.  W. মুহ�দ knx`yjøvni g‡Z cÖvPxbZg Ph©vKvi keicv, Avi AvaywbKZg
mincv ev fzmyKzcv|
 W. knx`yjøvni g‡Z fzmyKzcv evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl wQ‡jb|
 Avw` c`KZ©v : jyBcv|
 †kl c`KZ©v : keicv
 cÖexY c`KZ©v : keicv
 †kÖô c`KZ©v : Kvýcv
 evOvwj c`KZ©v 7 Rb : jyB, ক
ু �
ু রী, weiæAv, †Wv¤^x, kei, ag© (avg),
Rqb›`x (RAbw›`)
 wb‡R‡K evOvwj cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb : fzmyKzcv (49 b¤^i c‡` e‡jb, ÔAvwR
fzmyKz e½vjx fBjxÕ)
 W. myKzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, ক
ু �
ু রীcv bvix wQ‡jb| ক
ু �
ু রীcvi fvlvi m‡½
bvix‡`i fvlvi সাদৃশয্ Av‡Q|

13. Bs‡iwR fvlvq Abyev` : Abyev` K‡ib W. মুহ�দ knx`yjøvn|
50wU c` Abyev` K‡ib| MÖš’wUi bvg †`b ÔBuddhist Mystic
SongsÕ|
wZeŸwZ fvlvq Abyev` : Abyev` K‡ib KxwZ©P›`ª| 1938 wLªóv‡ã
cÖ‡evaP›`ª evMPx GwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
Ph©vc‡`i UxKvKviK : gywb`Ë|
Ph©vc‡`i fvlv : Ph©vc‡`i fvlv‡K nicÖmv` kv¯¿x সা�য্ fvlv ev
স�য্া fvlv ev Av‡jv Avuavix fvlv bvg w`‡q‡Qb| GB fvlvi
†Kv‡bv Ask †evSv hvq †Kv‡bv Ask †evSv hvq bv e‡j Ggb bvg
w`‡q‡Qb|

14. Ph©vc‡`i fvlv †h evsjv Zv †K cÖgvY K‡ib : W. mybxwZKzgvi
Ph©vc‡`i fvlvZvwË¡K I Q›`MZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖgvY K‡ib
Ph©vc` evsjv fvlvi m¤ú`| wZwb Origin and Development
of the Bengali Language MÖ‡š’ cÖgvY K‡ib| MÖš’wU ms‡ÿ‡c
ODBL bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU 1926 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
Ph©vc‡`i সািহিতয্ক মূলয্ : সািহতয্ wn‡m‡e Ph©vc` mv_©K|
G¸‡jvi AwaKvsk 10 jvB‡b iwPZ| mvab msMxZ n‡jI
AjsKvi I Q‡›`i Kvi‡Y KweZv n‡q D‡V‡Q|

15. ZË¡K_v : evDj Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ সাদৃশয্ Av‡Q|
• Ph©vi cÖ_g c‡`B jyBcv e‡j‡Qb :
KvAv Ziæei cv we Wvj|
PÂj PxG ˆcVv Kvj|
• AvaywbK evsjv :
†`n Mv‡Qi g‡Zv, Gi cvuwU Wvj|
PÂj g‡b Kvj cÖ‡ek K‡i|

16. • 35 b¤^i Ph©vq fv‡`e e‡j‡Qb :
GZKvj nDu Aw”Q‡jvu ¯^‡gv‡n
G‡eu gB eywSj m`& ¸iæ †ev‡nu|
 AvaywbK evsjv :
GZKvj Avwg ¯^‡gv‡n wQjvg
GLb m`¸iæ eySjvg|
Q›` : W. knx`yjøvni g‡Z Ph©vc‡`i AwaKvsk cv`vKzjK Q‡›` iwPZ| Z‡e
bvbv ai‡bi Q‡›`i K_v ejv n‡jI AvaywbK Q›` we‡ePbvq Ph©vc‡`i Q›`
gvÎve„Ë Q›`|
AjsKvi : Dcgv, Dr‡cÿv cvIqv hvq| Z‡e AbycÖv‡mi cÖvavb¨ Av‡Q|
im : W. knx`yjøvni g‡Z k„½vi Av‡Q|
ivM : cUgÄix, ¸Äix, †`kvL, ˆfiex, Kv‡gv`, abmx, ivgµx, eivox,
gjøvix, gvjkx, e½vj, keix, Kvnè¸sRix cÖf…wZ|
• we‡kl ��বয্ : Ph©vc‡` AbycÖv‡mi আিধকয্ †`Lv hvq|

17. cÖev` : Ph©vc‡` 6wU cÖev` বাকয্ cvIqv hvq| †hgb :
 AcYv gvs‡mu nwiYv ˆeix| (fzmyKzcv, 6 b¤^i c`)
AvaywbK evsjv : nwiY Zvi wb‡Ri gvs‡mi জনয্ই mK‡ji kÎæ|
• nv‡_i Kv¼b gv †jvD `vcb| (mincv, 32 b¤^i c`)
AvaywbK evsjv : nv‡Zi K¼b †`L‡Z Avqbvi `iKvi †bB|
• nvoxZ fvZ bvwn wbwZ Av‡emx| (†XY&XYcv, 33 b¤^i c`)
AvaywbK evsjv : nvuwo‡Z fvZ †bB wKš‘ িনতয্ †cÖwgK Av‡m|
• `ywnj `yay wK †e‡›U lvgvq? (†XY&‡XYcv, 33 b¤^i c`)
AvaywbK evsjv : †`vnb Kiv `ya wK ev‡U cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv hvq?
• ei myY †Mvnvjx wK †gv `yV ej‡›` (mincv, 39 b¤^i c`)
AvaywbK evsjv : eis শূণয্ †Mvqvj fv‡jv, wK Kie Avwg `yó
ej‡`|
• AY Pvn‡šÍ AvY webav (K¼bcv, 44 b¤^i c`)
AvaywbK : GK PvB‡Z অনয্ webó n‡jv

18. wb¤œe‡M©i wPÎ : wkKvi, †R‡j, †bŠKv evIqv, PvOvwi †evbv, মদয্
ˆZwi, Zz‡jv‡avbv, Ryqv †Ljv, wbwe©Ë, wbiÿi, ce©‡Z em KiZ,
KvcvwjK, †Wv¤^x, PÐvjx, keix, ZuvwZ, aybix, ïwo, gvûZ, bU-
bUx, cwZZv|
• 33 b¤^i Ph©vq †XY&XYcv wj‡L‡Qb :
UvjZ †gvi Ni bvwn ci‡elx
nvoxZ fvZ bvuwn wbwZ Av‡ekx|
AvaywbK evsjv :
†jvKশূনয্ ¯’v‡b cÖwZ‡ekxnxb Avgvi evwo
nvuwo‡Z fvZ †bB, A_P †cÖwgK G‡m wfo K‡i|

19. bvixi Ae¯’vb : ¯^vaxb wQj|
• ক
ু �
ু রী cv 2 b¤^i Ph©vq c‡ivwKqv †cÖ‡gi K_v wj‡L‡Qb,
Ôw`emwn eûox KvDwn Wi fvB|
ivwZ fB‡j Kvgiæ RvB|Õ
েবশয্াe„wË, †bŠKv Pvjbv, ¸iæ|
• 28 b¤^i c‡` keicv e‡j‡Qb :
Dòv Dòv cveZ Zwnu meB meix evjx|
†gviv½ cx”Q cwinvY miex MxZe ¸Äix gvjx|
• AvaywbK evsjv :
DuPz ce©‡Z keix evwjKv evm K‡i
Zvi cwiav‡b gq~‡ii cy”Q, Mjvq ¸Ävi gvjv|

20. bePh©vc` :
bePh©vc` Ph©vc‡`i g‡Zv iPbv| kkxf~lY `vk¸ß 1963 wLªóv‡ã
†bcvj I ZivBf~wg †_‡K 250wU c` Avwe®‹vi I msMÖn K‡ib|
bZzb Ph©vc` : XvKv িব�িবদয্ালেয়র evsjv wefv‡Mi অধয্াপক I
†dvK‡jviwe` W. ˆmq` েমাহা�দ kv‡n‡`i Avwe®‹v‡i I m¤úv`bvq
2017 wLªóv‡ã evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K bZzb Ph©vc` cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| 2008 wLªóv‡ã KvVgyÛz †_‡K wZwb msMÖn K‡ib| G¸‡jv
Aóg †_‡K wek kZvãx iwPZ n‡q‡Q|