Το εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα στην Ελλάδα

Education in GreeceEducation in Greece
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF KAISARIANISENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF KAISARIANI
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TheThe GreekGreek educationaleducational systemsystem

 TheThe GreekGreek educationaleducational system is mainly divided intosystem is mainly divided into
three levels, primary, secondary and tertiary, with anthree levels, primary, secondary and tertiary, with an
additional post-secondary level providing vocationaladditional post-secondary level providing vocational
trainingtraining

 Primary education is divided into kindergarten lastingPrimary education is divided into kindergarten lasting
one or two years, and primary school spanning six yearsone or two years, and primary school spanning six years
(ages 6 to 12).(ages 6 to 12).
 Secondary education comprises two stages:Secondary education comprises two stages: GymnasioGymnasio
(variously translated as Middle or Junior High School),(variously translated as Middle or Junior High School),
a compulsory three-year school, after which studentsa compulsory three-year school, after which students
can attendcan attend LykeionLykeion (an academically oriented high(an academically oriented high
school) orschool) or Vocational trainingVocational training..
 Higher Tertiary education is provided byHigher Tertiary education is provided by
Universities and PolytechnicsUniversities and Polytechnics,,
Technological Educational Institutes)Technological Educational Institutes) andand AcademiesAcademies
which primarily cater for the military and the clergy.which primarily cater for the military and the clergy.

 Undergraduate courses typically last 4 years (5 inUndergraduate courses typically last 4 years (5 in
polytechnics and some technical/art schools, and 6polytechnics and some technical/art schools, and 6
in medical schools), postgraduate (MSc level)in medical schools), postgraduate (MSc level)
courses last from 1 to 2 years and doctorates (PhDcourses last from 1 to 2 years and doctorates (PhD
level) from 3 to 6 years.level) from 3 to 6 years.

 All levels are overseen by the Ministry of EducationAll levels are overseen by the Ministry of Education
and Religious Affairs.and Religious Affairs.
The Ministry exercises centralised control over stateThe Ministry exercises centralised control over state
schools, by prescribing the curriculum, appointing staffschools, by prescribing the curriculum, appointing staff
and controlling funding. Private schools also fall underand controlling funding. Private schools also fall under
the mandate of the Ministry, which exercisesthe mandate of the Ministry, which exercises
supervisory control over them. private universities andsupervisory control over them. private universities and
colleges offering degree programmes that are validatedcolleges offering degree programmes that are validated
and overseen by American, British and other Europeanand overseen by American, British and other European
universities.universities.

All levels of education are catered for by both privateAll levels of education are catered for by both private
and public schools. State-run schools and universitiesand public schools. State-run schools and universities
do not charge tuition fees and textbooks are provideddo not charge tuition fees and textbooks are provided
free to all students, although, from 2011 onwards, therefree to all students, although, from 2011 onwards, there
has been noticed a shortage in new textbooks, forcinghas been noticed a shortage in new textbooks, forcing
students to either buy stock books from bookshops, orstudents to either buy stock books from bookshops, or
participate in parent-teacher association-run bookparticipate in parent-teacher association-run book
trades.trades.

There are also a number of private tutors schools,There are also a number of private tutors schools,
colleges and universities operating alongside the statecolleges and universities operating alongside the state
education and providing supplementary tuition. Theseeducation and providing supplementary tuition. These
parallel schools (Greek:parallel schools (Greek: φροντιστήριο, frontistirio (singular)φροντιστήριο, frontistirio (singular)))
provide foreign language tuition, supplementary lessonsprovide foreign language tuition, supplementary lessons
for weak students as well as exam preparation coursesfor weak students as well as exam preparation courses
for the competitive Panhellenic national examinations.for the competitive Panhellenic national examinations.

Most of the students typically attend such classes (andMost of the students typically attend such classes (and
examinations) at the tutors schools in the afternoon andexaminations) at the tutors schools in the afternoon and
evening in addition to their normal schooling.evening in addition to their normal schooling.

Primary educationPrimary education
 Elementary schools are called "Elementary schools are called "DimotikoDimotiko" (demotic," (demotic,
meaning municipal), a carryover term from a time whenmeaning municipal), a carryover term from a time when
such schools were run by local communities.such schools were run by local communities.
 The name remains although it has been obsolete forThe name remains although it has been obsolete for
decades.decades.
 In the first two years pupils are not officially graded,In the first two years pupils are not officially graded,
and parents obtain feedback about their performanceand parents obtain feedback about their performance
via oral communications with teachers.via oral communications with teachers.

Grading begins in Year 3, and written exams areGrading begins in Year 3, and written exams are
introduced in Year 5. Graduating from one year to theintroduced in Year 5. Graduating from one year to the
next is automatic, and pupils with deficientnext is automatic, and pupils with deficient
performance are given remedial tutoring. Years areperformance are given remedial tutoring. Years are
called "classes", from first to sixth:called "classes", from first to sixth:

 Year 1 (Year 1 (Πρώτη δημοτικούΠρώτη δημοτικού): age 6 to 7): age 6 to 7
 Year 2 (Year 2 (Δευτέρα δημοτικούΔευτέρα δημοτικού): age 7 to 8): age 7 to 8
 Year 3 (Year 3 (Τρίτη δημοτικούΤρίτη δημοτικού): age 8 to 9): age 8 to 9
 Year 4 (Year 4 (Τετάρτη δημοτικούΤετάρτη δημοτικού): age 9 to 10): age 9 to 10
 Year 5 (Year 5 (Πέμπτη δημοτικούΠέμπτη δημοτικού): age 10 to 11): age 10 to 11
 Year 6 (Year 6 (Έκτη δημοτικούΈκτη δημοτικού): age 11 to 12): age 11 to 12

 AA normal school-day starts at 8.15 and finishes fromnormal school-day starts at 8.15 and finishes from
12.30 to 16.15 depending on the class and the school.12.30 to 16.15 depending on the class and the school.
The classes last between 30 and 80 minutes.The classes last between 30 and 80 minutes.
 The school year always starts in the second week ofThe school year always starts in the second week of
September and ends in the second week of June.September and ends in the second week of June.
 The students have summer vacation (The students have summer vacation ( almostalmost 33
months), Christmas vacation (2 weeks) and Eastermonths), Christmas vacation (2 weeks) and Easter
vacation (2 weeks).vacation (2 weeks).
 Furthermore, students take usually another four daysFurthermore, students take usually another four days
off in order to celebrate their two national holidaysoff in order to celebrate their two national holidays
(28/10 and 25/3).(28/10 and 25/3).

Basic subjects:Basic subjects:
 Modern Greek Language (1 hour/day)Modern Greek Language (1 hour/day)
 Modern Greek Literature (6 hours/week)Modern Greek Literature (6 hours/week)
 Mathematics (5 hours/week)Mathematics (5 hours/week)
 Environmental Studies (2–4 hours/week)Environmental Studies (2–4 hours/week)
 Physical Education (4 hours/week)Physical Education (4 hours/week)
 Music (2 hours/week)Music (2 hours/week)
 Art (2 hours/week)Art (2 hours/week)
 Theatrical Studies (1 hour/week)Theatrical Studies (1 hour/week)
 Flexible Zone (3 hours/week)Flexible Zone (3 hours/week)
 English (2–4 hours/week)English (2–4 hours/week)

Additional Subjects:Additional Subjects:
 Physics (2 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6)Physics (2 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6)
 Geography (2 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6)Geography (2 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6)
 History (2 hours/week and for years 3-6)History (2 hours/week and for years 3-6)
 Religion (2 hours/week and for years 3-6)Religion (2 hours/week and for years 3-6)
 Social & Political Studies (2 hours/week and only forSocial & Political Studies (2 hours/week and only for
years 5 and 6)years 5 and 6)
 Second Foreign Language (2 hours/week and only forSecond Foreign Language (2 hours/week and only for
years 5 and 6)years 5 and 6)

Grading System:Grading System:
 1st Year: no grades1st Year: no grades
 2nd Year: no grades2nd Year: no grades
 3rd Year: A-E3rd Year: A-E
 4th Year: A-E4th Year: A-E
 5th Year: 1-105th Year: 1-10
 6th Year: 1-106th Year: 1-10

Enrollment to the next tier of compulsory education, theEnrollment to the next tier of compulsory education, the
GymnasiumGymnasium, is automatic., is automatic.

Secondary educationSecondary education
 ΓυμνάσιοΓυμνάσιο ((GymnasiumGymnasium - Middle / Secondary School)- Middle / Secondary School)
(compulsory education)(compulsory education)
 Πρώτη Γυμνασίου / 1st grade, age 12 to 13Πρώτη Γυμνασίου / 1st grade, age 12 to 13
 Δευτέρα Γυμνασίου / 2nd grade, age 13 to 14Δευτέρα Γυμνασίου / 2nd grade, age 13 to 14
 Τρίτη Γυμνασίου / 3rd grade, age 14 to 15Τρίτη Γυμνασίου / 3rd grade, age 14 to 15

Starts on September 11 and ends on June 15 to 18. TheStarts on September 11 and ends on June 15 to 18. The
lessons end in the second week of May so that thelessons end in the second week of May so that the
students will be able to study for their examinationsstudents will be able to study for their examinations
between May and June. The classes start at 8.15 andbetween May and June. The classes start at 8.15 and
end from 13.45 to 14.15 according to the type ofend from 13.45 to 14.15 according to the type of
school. Classes last from 30 min. to 45 min. and thereschool. Classes last from 30 min. to 45 min. and there
are breaks of 10 and 5 minutes between them.are breaks of 10 and 5 minutes between them.

There are 6 types of gymnasiums inThere are 6 types of gymnasiums in
Greece:Greece:
1.1. General Gymnasium (entering there from the primaryGeneral Gymnasium (entering there from the primary
school is automatic)school is automatic)
2.2. Athletic Gymnasium (to enter this type of schoolAthletic Gymnasium (to enter this type of school
students must pass certain exams on a sport likestudents must pass certain exams on a sport like
basketball, football, volleyball, gymnastics, polo,basketball, football, volleyball, gymnastics, polo,
swimming etc.)swimming etc.)
3.3. Musical Gymnasium (to enter this type of schoolMusical Gymnasium (to enter this type of school
students must pass certain exams on a musicalstudents must pass certain exams on a musical
instrument)instrument)

There are 6 types of gymnasiums inThere are 6 types of gymnasiums in
Greece:Greece:
4.4. Art GymnasiumArt Gymnasium
5.5. Experimental Gymnasium (to enter this type ofExperimental Gymnasium (to enter this type of
schools students must pass certain exams on Maths,schools students must pass certain exams on Maths,
Science, Reading Comprehension and Writing [theScience, Reading Comprehension and Writing [the
last two are written as one])last two are written as one])
6.6. Church GymnasiumChurch Gymnasium

TheThe subjectssubjects forfor::
1)1) ΠρώτηΠρώτη Γυμνασίου/1st Grade of GymnasiumΓυμνασίου/1st Grade of Gymnasium (The(The
curriculum is based on the 2013 curriculum, for thecurriculum is based on the 2013 curriculum, for the
school season 2014-2015):school season 2014-2015):
 Modern Greek Language (2 hours/week)Modern Greek Language (2 hours/week)
 Ancient Greek Language (3 hours/week)Ancient Greek Language (3 hours/week)
 Ancient Greek Literature (2 hours/week)Ancient Greek Literature (2 hours/week)
 Physics (1 hour/week)Physics (1 hour/week)
 Biology (2 hours/week)Biology (2 hours/week) (1/2)(1/2)

 GeographyGeography
(2 hours/week)(2 hours/week)
 History (2 hours/week)History (2 hours/week)
 Religion EducationReligion Education
 English LanguageEnglish Language (2(2
hours/week)hours/week)
 2nd Foreign Language:2nd Foreign Language:
French or GermanFrench or German
 TechnologyTechnology
(1 hour/week)(1 hour/week)
 Computer StudiesComputer Studies
 Music (1 hour/week)Music (1 hour/week)
 Art (1 hour/week)Art (1 hour/week)
 Physical EducationPhysical Education
 Home EconomicsHome Economics
 Project (1 hour/week)Project (1 hour/week)
(2/2)(2/2)

2) Δευτέρα Γυμνασίου/2) Δευτέρα Γυμνασίου/2nd Grade of Gymnasium2nd Grade of Gymnasium (The(The
 Physics (2 hours/week)Physics (2 hours/week)
 Chemistry (1 hour/week)Chemistry (1 hour/week)
 Biology (1 hour/week)Biology (1 hour/week) (1/2)(1/2)

 GeographyGeography
 Religion EducationReligion Education
 TechnologyTechnology
 Home EconomicsHome Economics
 Project (1 hour/weeProject (1 hour/week)k)
(2/2)(2/2)

3) Τρίτη Γυμνασίου/3) Τρίτη Γυμνασίου/3rd Grade of Gymnasium3rd Grade of Gymnasium (The(The
 Religion Education (2 hours/week)Religion Education (2 hours/week)
 Social & Political Studies (2 hours/week)Social & Political Studies (2 hours/week) (1/2)(1/2)

 MathematicsMathematics
 Chemistry (1 hour/week)Chemistry (1 hour/week)
 Biology (2 hours/week)Biology (2 hours/week)
 Scholastic VocationalScholastic Vocational
Guidance (1 hour/week)Guidance (1 hour/week)
(2/2)(2/2)

Γενικό ΛύκειοΓενικό Λύκειο (General Lyceum – Senior School)(General Lyceum – Senior School)
 Πρώτη Λυκείου / 1st grade, age 15 to 16Πρώτη Λυκείου / 1st grade, age 15 to 16
 Δευτέρα Λυκείου / 2nd grade, age 16 to 17Δευτέρα Λυκείου / 2nd grade, age 16 to 17
 Τρίτη Λυκείου / 3rd grade, age 17 to 18Τρίτη Λυκείου / 3rd grade, age 17 to 18

The subjects for:The subjects for:
1) Πρώτη Γενικού Λυκείου/1) Πρώτη Γενικού Λυκείου/1st Grade of General1st Grade of General
LyceumLyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2013(The curriculum is based on the 2013
curriculum, for the school season 2014-2015):curriculum, for the school season 2014-2015):
 Subjects of General EducationSubjects of General Education
 Subjects of selectionSubjects of selection

Πρώτη Γενικού Λυκείου/Πρώτη Γενικού Λυκείου/1st Grade of General Lyceum1st Grade of General Lyceum
Subjects of General Education:Subjects of General Education:
 Algebra (3 hours/week)Algebra (3 hours/week)
 Geometry (2 hours/week)Geometry (2 hours/week)
 Chemistry (2 hours/week) (1/2)Chemistry (2 hours/week) (1/2)

Subjects of General Education:Subjects of General Education:
 Political Studies (3 hours/week)Political Studies (3 hours/week)
 Religion Education (2 hours/week)Religion Education (2 hours/week)
 Project (2 hours/week)Project (2 hours/week)
 Foreign Language:Foreign Language:
 English or French or German (2 hours/week)English or French or German (2 hours/week)
 Physical Education (2 hours/week) (2/2)Physical Education (2 hours/week) (2/2)

Subjects of selectionSubjects of selection
 Applications of Computer Science (2 hours/week)Applications of Computer Science (2 hours/week)
 Geology and Management of Natural Resources (2Geology and Management of Natural Resources (2
 Greek and European Culture (2 hours/week)Greek and European Culture (2 hours/week)
 Art Education (2 hours/week)Art Education (2 hours/week)

2) Δευτέρα Γενικού Λυκείου/2) Δευτέρα Γενικού Λυκείου/2nd Grade of General2nd Grade of General
curriculum, for the school season 2014-2015):curriculum, for the school season 2014-2015):
Subjects of General EducationSubjects of General Education
 Ancient Greek Language (1 hour/week)Ancient Greek Language (1 hour/week)
 Ancient Greek Literature (1 hour/week)Ancient Greek Literature (1 hour/week)
 Algebra (3 hours/week)Algebra (3 hours/week)
 Geometry (2 hours/week) (1/2)Geometry (2 hours/week) (1/2)

 Physics (2 hours/week) Chemistry (2 hours/week)Physics (2 hours/week) Chemistry (2 hours/week)
 Introduction to the Principles of Science of ComputersIntroduction to the Principles of Science of Computers
 Philosophy (2 hours/week)Philosophy (2 hours/week)
 Political Education (2 hours/week) Religion EducationPolitical Education (2 hours/week) Religion Education
 Project (1 hour/week)Project (1 hour/week)
 Foreign Language: English or French or German (2Foreign Language: English or French or German (2
 Physical Education (1 hour/week)Physical Education (1 hour/week)

The students can choose 1 of the 2 OrientationThe students can choose 1 of the 2 Orientation
Groups: theGroups: the HumanitiesHumanities or theor the SciencesSciences
 Subjects of the Humanities Orientation GroupSubjects of the Humanities Orientation Group
 Ancient Greek Language and LiteratureAncient Greek Language and Literature
 Basic Principles of Social Science (2 hours/week)Basic Principles of Social Science (2 hours/week)
 Subjects of the Sciences Orientation GroupSubjects of the Sciences Orientation Group

3) Τρίτη Γενικού Λυκείου/3) Τρίτη Γενικού Λυκείου/3rd Grade of General3rd Grade of General
curriculum, for the school season 2014 - 2015):curriculum, for the school season 2014 - 2015):
Subjects of General EducationSubjects of General Education
 Religion Education (1 hour/week)Religion Education (1 hour/week)
 Foreign Language: English or French or German (2Foreign Language: English or French or German (2
 Physical Education (1 hour/week)Physical Education (1 hour/week)
 Ancient Greek Language & Literature (1 hour/week)Ancient Greek Language & Literature (1 hour/week)
 Biology (1 hour/week)Biology (1 hour/week)
 Sociology (2 hours/week)Sociology (2 hours/week)

 Mathematics & Statistics (2 hours/week)Mathematics & Statistics (2 hours/week)
 Physics (1 hour/week)Physics (1 hour/week)

The students can choose 1 of the 3 DirectionThe students can choose 1 of the 3 Direction
Groups:Groups:
 the Theoretical,the Theoretical,
 the Science andthe Science and
 the Technological, which separates into 2 groups:the Technological, which separates into 2 groups:
 the Technology & Productivitythe Technology & Productivity
 the Computer Science & Servicesthe Computer Science & Services

Subjects of the Theoretical Direction GroupSubjects of the Theoretical Direction Group
 Latin (2 hours/week)Latin (2 hours/week)

Subjects of the Science Direction GroupSubjects of the Science Direction Group
 Chemistry (2 hours/week)Chemistry (2 hours/week)

Subjects of the Technological Group of TechnologySubjects of the Technological Group of Technology
& Productivity Group& Productivity Group
 Mathematics (5 hours/week) Physics (3 hours/week)Mathematics (5 hours/week) Physics (3 hours/week)
Chemistry-Biochemistry (2 hours/week) ElectricalChemistry-Biochemistry (2 hours/week) Electrical
Studies (2 hours/week)Studies (2 hours/week)
Subjects of the Technological Group of ComputerSubjects of the Technological Group of Computer
Science & ServicesScience & Services
 Mathematics (5 hours/week) Physics (3 hours/week)Mathematics (5 hours/week) Physics (3 hours/week)
Development of Applications in ProgrammerDevelopment of Applications in Programmer
Environment (2 hours/week) Principles ofEnvironment (2 hours/week) Principles of
Organisation and Administration of Business andOrganisation and Administration of Business and
Services (2 hours/week)Services (2 hours/week)

Subjects of selection (The students must choose 1Subjects of selection (The students must choose 1
subject)subject)
 2nd Foreign Language: English or French or German2nd Foreign Language: English or French or German
 Principles of Economical Theory (2 hours/week)Principles of Economical Theory (2 hours/week)
 Statistics (2 hours/week)Statistics (2 hours/week)
 Logic: Theory and Practice (2 hours/week)Logic: Theory and Practice (2 hours/week)
 Applications of Computer Science (2 hours/week)Applications of Computer Science (2 hours/week)
 History of Art (2 hours/week)History of Art (2 hours/week)
 History of Science & Technology (2 hours/week)History of Science & Technology (2 hours/week)
 Problems of Philosophy (2 hours/week)Problems of Philosophy (2 hours/week)
 Modern Greek Literature (2 hours/week)Modern Greek Literature (2 hours/week) (1/2)(1/2)

 Technology and Development (2 hours/week)Technology and Development (2 hours/week)
 Agriculture and Rural Development (2 hours/week)Agriculture and Rural Development (2 hours/week)
 Industrial Development and Energy (2 hours/week)Industrial Development and Energy (2 hours/week)
 Principles of Accountancy (2 hours/week)Principles of Accountancy (2 hours/week)
 Technical Drawing (2 hours/week) ArchitecturalTechnical Drawing (2 hours/week) Architectural
Drawing (2 hours/week)Drawing (2 hours/week)
 Technology of Computer Systems & OperatingTechnology of Computer Systems & Operating
Systems (2 hours/week)Systems (2 hours/week)
 Multimedia - Networks (2 hours/week) ApplicationsMultimedia - Networks (2 hours/week) Applications
of Software (2 hours/week)of Software (2 hours/week)
(2/2)(2/2)

 National education budget (2010)BudgetNational education budget (2010)Budget12,0812,08
billion € (public)4% of GDPbillion € (public)4% of GDP General detailsGeneral details
 Primary languagesPrimary languagesGreekGreek

Literacy (2014)Literacy (2014)
 TotalTotal 98%98%
 MaleMale 99%99%
 FemaleFemale 97%97%

EnrollmentEnrollment
TotalTotal 1,426,1751,426,175
PrimaryPrimary 786,025786,025
SecondarySecondary 360,248360,248
Post secondaryPost secondary 276,902276,902
1Gianouridis & Bagley, p. 62 2000-2001 schoolyear (Επαιδευτικό Ελληνικό πίνακας 6.2, σ. 24)
32000-2001; loc. cit. 41999-200; ibid., 53

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