2. Definitions
o Gender: The social Definitions and
expectations associated with being
male or female.
o Sex: A Person’s biological
classification as male or female.
o Sexism: The belief that there are
innate psychological, behavioral, or
intellectual differences between
females and males and that these
differences make one group
3. Feminist Theory
• Analyzes the status of men and women in
society with the purpose to use that
knowledge to better women’s lives
• question the differences between women,
including how race, class, ethnicity, and
age intersect with gender.
• concerned with giving a voice to women
and highlighting the various ways women
have contributed to society.
Gender Differences
Gender Inequality
Structural Oppression
4. Gender Inequality
o refers to unequal
treatment or
perceptions of
individuals based
on their gender.
o Difference in
status, power, and
prestige, in
groups,
collectivities, and
societies.
o Gender inequality
5. Gender Inequality…
• Throughout much of the world societies
and families treat boys and girls
differently based on sex classification.
• Creates;
o
o
o
o
o
Early or child marriage
Sex trafficking
Sexual and domestic violence against women
Health problems
Poverty
We see gender inequality in many areas
such as social status, education, income
and work, politics, and human rights
6. Violence against
women
• The United Nations defines
violence against women as "any
act of gender-based violence
that results in, or is likely to
result in, physical, sexual or
mental harm or suffering to
women, including threats of
such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivation of
7. World Heath
Organization
• 35% of women worldwide have
experienced either intimate partner
violence or non-partner sexual violence
in their lifetime.
• between 15% of women in Japan and 71% of
women in Ethiopia reported physical
and/or sexual violence by an intimate
partner in their lifetime;
• between 0.3–11.5% of women reported
experiencing sexual violence by a nonpartner since the age of 15 years;
8. • Sex trafficking is
sometimes
referred to as
“modern day
slavery.
• trafficking in
women is a
criminal
phenomenon that
violates basic
human rights
• In Canada, human
trafficking was
The trafficking of women not asexual
for criminal
offence until 2005.
exploitation is an international, organized,
• many girls in
criminal phenomenon that has gravefirst
Canada are
man Trafficking
9. Gender Inequality;
Education
• In Canada women’s representation in
advanced graduate degrees remains low
with only 27% but for over a decade
women have been earning more
undergraduate degrees then men.
• Many women do not continue to
advanced graduate degrees because of
social expectations such as marriage
and starting a family. (Traditional
gender roles)
• Still under represented in mathematics,
engineering and physical and applied
sciences
10. Women’s Education
Around The world
• worldwide, girls constitute over
half of the children out of school.
• In many countries parents are faced
with economic and social barriers
parents often cannot invest in
daughters education or choose to
invest in the sons education instead.
• women account for two thirds of
the world’s 774 million adult
illiterates – a proportion that is
unchanged over the past two
11. •
•
•
•
•
Income & Work
Women now make up one third of the worlds
labor force.
Job type women tend to work in more
nurturing areas such as teaching, nursing, child
care, social work etc…
In business Glass ceiling: an invisible, socially
created barrier that prevents women and
other minorities from being promoted into top
corporate positions.
Even when women have identical levels of
educational achievement and both work full
time; women, on the average still earn less
than men.
In some developed countries the gender wage
12.
13. Women in Politics
• Worldwide the
percentage of
legislative seats held
by women ranges
between 30 and 40
percent in
Scandinavian
countries to less than
1 percent in some
Middle Eastern and
African countries.
• Around the world, a
lack of gender
balance in decision-
Kim Campbell
14. Impact
• Gender inequality affects women in all areas of
life and has a negative impact on their quality of
life, health, mental health, and over all well
being.
• Gender inequality has a negative impact on society
as a whole not only on women and girls, it has a
negative impact on development, economic growth,
it contributes to poverty, violence against women,
child mortality, and human rights violations.
“The United Nations observes that “gender
15. Solution
An end to Gender
Inequality is crucial
to
human
development
and
the well being of
women and girls
across the globe.
The most important
ways to solve this
problem is to raise
awareness,
education and the
16. Legislation
To achieve lasting change, it is important
to enact legislation and develop
policies that:
address discrimination against
women;
promote gender equality;
support women; and
help to move towards more
peaceful cultural norms
17. Education and
Empowerment
• Education empowers girls by introducing
new ways of thinking about traditions
and issues, and challenges traditionally
held gender roles
• Education is essential for a strong
economy. One extra year of school
boosts a girl’s future wages by 10-20
percent.
Educatingfosters critical thinking
women has been shown to
• Education
help which are essential for effective
skills, improve health, poverty and
create equality between women
leaders and democracy. Moremen and
are needed to solve global problems!
women.
18. What is being done?
There are many events and programs existing
worldwide dedicated to the education, and
empowerment of women to create equality
amongst men and women. A few Because I am a
examples;
girl
International
Women’s Day
United Nations
New legislation
worldwide
regarding sexual
discrimination in
the work place
Local and
19. Feminist Theory
• Has reshaped modern politics
• Recognizes that the roles we
are expected to perform as
men and women result from
learning the social
expectations of the worlds
into which we are born.
• Argues the idea of sex
classification may be an effect
20. •
References
Canadian Womens Foundation. (2013). End Human Trafficking. Retrieved 2013, from Canadian Womens
Foundation: http://www.canadianwomen.org/trafficking
Day of the Girl. (2013). Girls Denied Education Worldwide. Retrieved 2013, from Day of the Girl:
http://dayofthegirl.org/girls-denied-education-worldwide/
Huffington Post Canada. (2012). Womens Rights Around the World: WomanStats Project Shows Huge
Discrepencies. Retrieved 2013, from Huffington Post :
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/04/30/womens-rights-around-the-world_n_1464185.html
Mooney, A. L. (2013). Understanding Social Problems . Toronto: Nelson.
Ruchismita. (2012). Here is your short essay on Gender inequality. Retrieved 2013, from
Preservearticles.com: http://www.preservearticles.com/2011111517246/here-is-your-shortessay-on-gender-inequality.html
Sher, J. (2012, August). Sex Trafficking: A National Disgrace. Retrieved 2013, from Globe and Mail:
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/invisible-chains-canadasunderground-world-of-human-trafficking-by-benjamin-perrin/article1215201/
Tanzim, J. A. (2011). Dimensions of Gender Inequality & It's Impact on Scoeity. Retrieved 2013, from
Department of Women and Gender StudiesUniversity of Dhaka:
http://www.academia.edu/663453/Dimensions_of_gender_inequality_and_Its_impact_on_soci
ety
United Nations. (2013). The World's Women 2010: Trends and Statistics. Retrieved 2013, from United
Nations Satistics Divsion:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/Worldswomen/Executive%20summary.htm
World Health Organization. (2013, October). Violence Against Women. Retrieved from World Health
Organization: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/
