SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  8
By: Daraksha, Manish, Soham, Vishal
BRAND COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT
Resonance
Loyal to brand.
Judgement Feelings
High quality,
good design ,
and innovation.
Consumer
inspiration:
just do it.
Performance
High technical
performance.
Imagery
High status ,cool style ,the
winner in competition.
Salience
High quality and good design sport shoes.
KELLER’S
CBBE
PYRAMID
• Salience: Nike’s sportswear is perceived as high-quality well-designed clothes for
sports and everyday use.
• Performance: High technical performance of all products.
• Imagery: Nike’s ‘Swoosh’ logo is linked to status, fashion and association with
major athletes (professionalism and victory).
• Judgement: The combination of high quality, innovation and collaboration with
athletes earns customer’s trust.
• Feelings: Nike’s campaigns are based on inspiration. The main slogan ‘Just Do It’
is simple but emotional.
• Resonance: Loyalty to the company comes from regular customers and athletes
due to performance and brand imagery.
KELLEER’S CBBE PYRAMID
Salience
• Highly recognized logo & top
quality products
• The swoosh logo
• The slogan for Nike “Just DO IT”
Performance
• Design shoes that are durable
• Targeting young people & athletic
• Linking the brand with the
professional level of competition
Imagery
• Used by best talent in sports
• Personality & Values: sustainability &
environmental awareness
• Customer Profile: class, status, unlimited
style, and all age uses
• Top performance for athletes
Feelings
• Popular in society
• Fun for young users
• Uniqueness
• High standard product
• User feels secure
Judgement
• The Nike brand is unmistakeable
with any other brand
• Attention to detail in its design of
product to improve performance
• Most valuable Brand in sport
Resonance
• Its not about getting better, its
about striving for the best
• Special offer after first order
• Online customer benefit such as
free and easy return in all orders
• Express tracking
• Customization of products
Nike CBBE Pyramid

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Nike competitive analysis
Nike competitive analysisNike competitive analysis
Nike competitive analysisKhalid Hossain
 
Brand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case Analysis
Brand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case AnalysisBrand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case Analysis
Brand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case AnalysisAhmed Coucha, MBA, MSc
 
Marketing strategy- Nike
Marketing strategy- NikeMarketing strategy- Nike
Marketing strategy- NikeYaman Mittal
 
Nike brand analysis
Nike brand analysisNike brand analysis
Nike brand analysisPallav Tyagi
 
Lululemon Athletica Brand Audit
Lululemon Athletica Brand AuditLululemon Athletica Brand Audit
Lululemon Athletica Brand AuditJoanna Komvopoulos
 
Presentation on nike
Presentation on nikePresentation on nike
Presentation on nikeAnvesha Bhatt
 
Presentation nike finance marketing india asia
Presentation nike finance marketing india asiaPresentation nike finance marketing india asia
Presentation nike finance marketing india asiaShruti Srivastava
 
Nike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing Strategy
Nike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing StrategyNike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing Strategy
Nike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing StrategySyed Zaid Ali
 
A report on consumer behaviour in nike
A report on consumer behaviour in nikeA report on consumer behaviour in nike
A report on consumer behaviour in nikeProjects Kart
 
Integrated Marketing Communications at Nike
Integrated Marketing Communications at NikeIntegrated Marketing Communications at Nike
Integrated Marketing Communications at NikeKaran Mehta
 
NIKE perceptual positioning map
NIKE perceptual positioning mapNIKE perceptual positioning map
NIKE perceptual positioning mapArushi Nayan
 
Nike_Marketing Policy
Nike_Marketing PolicyNike_Marketing Policy
Nike_Marketing Policyleli4ka
 
Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix
Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix
Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix Clément Cigliano
 

Tendances (20)

Nike competitive analysis
Nike competitive analysisNike competitive analysis
Nike competitive analysis
 
Brand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case Analysis
Brand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case AnalysisBrand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case Analysis
Brand Managment: Nike; Building A Global Brand Case Analysis
 
Nike Marketing Presentation
Nike Marketing PresentationNike Marketing Presentation
Nike Marketing Presentation
 
Nike class presentation
Nike class presentationNike class presentation
Nike class presentation
 
Marketing strategy- Nike
Marketing strategy- NikeMarketing strategy- Nike
Marketing strategy- Nike
 
Nike brand analysis
Nike brand analysisNike brand analysis
Nike brand analysis
 
Lululemon Athletica Brand Audit
Lululemon Athletica Brand AuditLululemon Athletica Brand Audit
Lululemon Athletica Brand Audit
 
Presentation on nike
Presentation on nikePresentation on nike
Presentation on nike
 
Brand management nike
Brand management nikeBrand management nike
Brand management nike
 
Presentation nike finance marketing india asia
Presentation nike finance marketing india asiaPresentation nike finance marketing india asia
Presentation nike finance marketing india asia
 
Nike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing Strategy
Nike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing StrategyNike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing Strategy
Nike's Segmentation Targeting Positioning Marketing Strategy
 
Apple Brand Audit
Apple Brand AuditApple Brand Audit
Apple Brand Audit
 
A report on consumer behaviour in nike
A report on consumer behaviour in nikeA report on consumer behaviour in nike
A report on consumer behaviour in nike
 
Brand Management: Nike
Brand Management: NikeBrand Management: Nike
Brand Management: Nike
 
Integrated Marketing Communications at Nike
Integrated Marketing Communications at NikeIntegrated Marketing Communications at Nike
Integrated Marketing Communications at Nike
 
Nike brand prism
Nike brand prismNike brand prism
Nike brand prism
 
NIKE perceptual positioning map
NIKE perceptual positioning mapNIKE perceptual positioning map
NIKE perceptual positioning map
 
Nike_Marketing Policy
Nike_Marketing PolicyNike_Marketing Policy
Nike_Marketing Policy
 
Brand Equity of Coca Cola
Brand Equity of Coca ColaBrand Equity of Coca Cola
Brand Equity of Coca Cola
 
Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix
Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix
Nike - CSR Strategy and Marketing Mix
 

Similaire à Nike CBBE Pyramid

The difference between new balance and nike
The difference between new balance and nikeThe difference between new balance and nike
The difference between new balance and nikeNadia Bohari
 
Converse we love you chucks
Converse we love you chucksConverse we love you chucks
Converse we love you chucksburhan143
 
Marketing management final ppt pdf
Marketing management final ppt pdfMarketing management final ppt pdf
Marketing management final ppt pdfTanishkar Sudhakar
 
Few sucessful brand story and their communication transistion
Few sucessful brand story and their communication transistionFew sucessful brand story and their communication transistion
Few sucessful brand story and their communication transistionRajneesh Jha
 
Running Rugby Conference Unleash Your Brand
Running Rugby Conference Unleash Your BrandRunning Rugby Conference Unleash Your Brand
Running Rugby Conference Unleash Your BrandFred Popp
 
Nike by jeevan copy
Nike by jeevan   copyNike by jeevan   copy
Nike by jeevan copyMVIT
 
Team Innov8 - Nike Run Club
Team Innov8 - Nike Run ClubTeam Innov8 - Nike Run Club
Team Innov8 - Nike Run ClubChris Mocko
 
6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar
6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar
6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive WebinarEktron
 
"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole
"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole
"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex ColeSustainable Brands
 
Nike presentation
Nike presentationNike presentation
Nike presentationfizzazaidi4
 

Similaire à Nike CBBE Pyramid (20)

(MBASkills.IN) Nike
(MBASkills.IN) Nike(MBASkills.IN) Nike
(MBASkills.IN) Nike
 
NIKE Marketing analysis
 NIKE  Marketing analysis NIKE  Marketing analysis
NIKE Marketing analysis
 
The difference between new balance and nike
The difference between new balance and nikeThe difference between new balance and nike
The difference between new balance and nike
 
Converse we love you chucks
Converse we love you chucksConverse we love you chucks
Converse we love you chucks
 
Nike
NikeNike
Nike
 
Nike
NikeNike
Nike
 
Marketing management final ppt pdf
Marketing management final ppt pdfMarketing management final ppt pdf
Marketing management final ppt pdf
 
Few sucessful brand story and their communication transistion
Few sucessful brand story and their communication transistionFew sucessful brand story and their communication transistion
Few sucessful brand story and their communication transistion
 
Nike just do it
Nike just do itNike just do it
Nike just do it
 
Nike just do it
Nike just do itNike just do it
Nike just do it
 
Running Rugby Conference Unleash Your Brand
Running Rugby Conference Unleash Your BrandRunning Rugby Conference Unleash Your Brand
Running Rugby Conference Unleash Your Brand
 
Nike by Aniket Barapatre
Nike by Aniket BarapatreNike by Aniket Barapatre
Nike by Aniket Barapatre
 
Athletic Shoes Industry
Athletic Shoes IndustryAthletic Shoes Industry
Athletic Shoes Industry
 
Nike by jeevan copy
Nike by jeevan   copyNike by jeevan   copy
Nike by jeevan copy
 
Team Innov8 - Nike Run Club
Team Innov8 - Nike Run ClubTeam Innov8 - Nike Run Club
Team Innov8 - Nike Run Club
 
6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar
6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar
6 Tips to Mobilizing Brand Super Fans - Ektron and Influtive Webinar
 
"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole
"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole
"Our Values Make Us Different": Rejuvenating a 150 Year Old Brand - Alex Cole
 
Globus retail
Globus retailGlobus retail
Globus retail
 
Nike presentation
Nike presentationNike presentation
Nike presentation
 
Retail Marketing
Retail MarketingRetail Marketing
Retail Marketing
 

Dernier

If this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New Nigeria
If this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New NigeriaIf this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New Nigeria
If this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New NigeriaKayode Fayemi
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceDelhi Call girls
 
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verifiedSector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verifiedDelhi Call girls
 
Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...
Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...
Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...Pooja Nehwal
 
The workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdf
The workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdfThe workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdf
The workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdfSenaatti-kiinteistöt
 
Air breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animals
Air breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animalsAir breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animals
Air breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animalsaqsarehman5055
 
Dreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video Treatment
Dreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video TreatmentDreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video Treatment
Dreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video Treatmentnswingard
 
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...Delhi Call girls
 
SaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, Yardstick
SaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, YardstickSaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, Yardstick
SaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, Yardsticksaastr
 
Chiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptx
Chiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptxChiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptx
Chiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptxraffaeleoman
 
Presentation on Engagement in Book Clubs
Presentation on Engagement in Book ClubsPresentation on Engagement in Book Clubs
Presentation on Engagement in Book Clubssamaasim06
 
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac Folorunso
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac FolorunsoUncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac Folorunso
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac FolorunsoKayode Fayemi
 
Report Writing Webinar Training
Report Writing Webinar TrainingReport Writing Webinar Training
Report Writing Webinar TrainingKylaCullinane
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceDelhi Call girls
 
AWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdf
AWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdfAWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdf
AWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdfSkillCertProExams
 
Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...
Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...
Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...amilabibi1
 
My Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle Bailey
My Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle BaileyMy Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle Bailey
My Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle Baileyhlharris
 
Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)
Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)
Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)Chameera Dedduwage
 
Causes of poverty in France presentation.pptx
Causes of poverty in France presentation.pptxCauses of poverty in France presentation.pptx
Causes of poverty in France presentation.pptxCamilleBoulbin1
 

Dernier (20)

If this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New Nigeria
If this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New NigeriaIf this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New Nigeria
If this Giant Must Walk: A Manifesto for a New Nigeria
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 93 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verifiedSector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Noida Escorts | 100% verified
 
Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...
Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...
Aesthetic Colaba Mumbai Cst Call girls 📞 7738631006 Grant road Call Girls ❤️-...
 
The workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdf
The workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdfThe workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdf
The workplace ecosystem of the future 24.4.2024 Fabritius_share ii.pdf
 
Air breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animals
Air breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animalsAir breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animals
Air breathing and respiratory adaptations in diver animals
 
Dreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video Treatment
Dreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video TreatmentDreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video Treatment
Dreaming Marissa Sánchez Music Video Treatment
 
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Sector 51 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service-...
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.pdf
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.pdfICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.pdf
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.pdf
 
SaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, Yardstick
SaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, YardstickSaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, Yardstick
SaaStr Workshop Wednesday w/ Lucas Price, Yardstick
 
Chiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptx
Chiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptxChiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptx
Chiulli_Aurora_Oman_Raffaele_Beowulf.pptx
 
Presentation on Engagement in Book Clubs
Presentation on Engagement in Book ClubsPresentation on Engagement in Book Clubs
Presentation on Engagement in Book Clubs
 
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac Folorunso
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac FolorunsoUncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac Folorunso
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac Folorunso
 
Report Writing Webinar Training
Report Writing Webinar TrainingReport Writing Webinar Training
Report Writing Webinar Training
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 97 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
AWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdf
AWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdfAWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdf
AWS Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) Exam Dumps 2024.pdf
 
Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...
Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...
Bring back lost lover in USA, Canada ,Uk ,Australia ,London Lost Love Spell C...
 
My Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle Bailey
My Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle BaileyMy Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle Bailey
My Presentation "In Your Hands" by Halle Bailey
 
Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)
Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)
Introduction to Prompt Engineering (Focusing on ChatGPT)
 
Causes of poverty in France presentation.pptx
Causes of poverty in France presentation.pptxCauses of poverty in France presentation.pptx
Causes of poverty in France presentation.pptx
 

Nike CBBE Pyramid

  • 1. By: Daraksha, Manish, Soham, Vishal BRAND COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT
  • 2. Resonance Loyal to brand. Judgement Feelings High quality, good design , and innovation. Consumer inspiration: just do it. Performance High technical performance. Imagery High status ,cool style ,the winner in competition. Salience High quality and good design sport shoes. KELLER’S CBBE PYRAMID
  • 3. • Salience: Nike’s sportswear is perceived as high-quality well-designed clothes for sports and everyday use. • Performance: High technical performance of all products. • Imagery: Nike’s ‘Swoosh’ logo is linked to status, fashion and association with major athletes (professionalism and victory). • Judgement: The combination of high quality, innovation and collaboration with athletes earns customer’s trust. • Feelings: Nike’s campaigns are based on inspiration. The main slogan ‘Just Do It’ is simple but emotional. • Resonance: Loyalty to the company comes from regular customers and athletes due to performance and brand imagery. KELLEER’S CBBE PYRAMID
  • 4. Salience • Highly recognized logo & top quality products • The swoosh logo • The slogan for Nike “Just DO IT” Performance • Design shoes that are durable • Targeting young people & athletic • Linking the brand with the professional level of competition
  • 5. Imagery • Used by best talent in sports • Personality & Values: sustainability & environmental awareness • Customer Profile: class, status, unlimited style, and all age uses • Top performance for athletes
  • 6. Feelings • Popular in society • Fun for young users • Uniqueness • High standard product • User feels secure Judgement • The Nike brand is unmistakeable with any other brand • Attention to detail in its design of product to improve performance • Most valuable Brand in sport
  • 7. Resonance • Its not about getting better, its about striving for the best • Special offer after first order • Online customer benefit such as free and easy return in all orders • Express tracking • Customization of products