1. Fourth generation of wireless network
Submitted By:
Gaurav Tripathi
ECE 7th Sem
Roll No.75113012
1
2. INTRODUCTION
• 4G(also known as beyond 3G), an abbreviation
of fourth generation, is a term used to
describe the next complete evolution in
wireless communications.
• The international telecommunication
regulatory and standardization bodies are
working for commercial deployment of 4G
networks roughly in the 2011-2015 time scale.
2
3. Overview
• Wireless System Evolution
• 4G Mobile Technology
• Motivation for 4G Research Before 3G Has Not
Been Deployed?
• Objectives
• Approaches
• What is needed to Build 4G Networks of
Future?
• Applications
3
4. WIRELESS SYSTEM EVOLUTION
• 1G
Introduced in the early
1980s and completed in
early 1990s.
Analog signals with the
speed up to 2.4kbps
Voice was main traffic
4
5. • 2G
Late 1980s and
finished in 2000s
Digital signal with up
to 64kbps
Voice transmission
and SMS
5
6. • 3G
Late 1990s to late
2000s
Transmission speed
from 125kbps to
2Mbps
Based on either
circuit switching or
packet switching
6
7. • 4G
Starting from late
2000s
Transmission speed
from 100Mbps to
1Gbps
Only packet
switched networks
7
8. 8
What is 4G ?
• The next generation of wireless technology that promises
higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.
• A completely new fully IP-based integrated system or
systems and network of networks achieved after
convergence of wired and wireless networks.
• Capable to provide 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps, respectively in
outdoor and indoor environments
• End-to-end QoS and high security.
• Any kind of services at any time as per user requirements,
anywhere with seamless interoperability
• Always on, affordable cost, one billing and fully
personalized.
9. 9
Motivation for 4G Research Before 3G Has Not Been
Deployed?
• Needs of future high-performance applications like
multi-media, full-motion video, wireless
teleconferencing
• Need global mobility and service portability
• Difficulty in continuously increasing bandwidth and
high data rate to meet multimedia services
requirements, together with the coexistence of
different services needing different QoS.
• Need wider bandwidth
• Need all digital packet network that utilizes IP in its
fullest form with converged voice and data
capability.
10. 10
Objectives
• A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and
bits/s/Hz/site)
• High network capacity: more simultaneous users per
cell
• A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client
physically moves at high speeds relative to the
station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in
relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R
• A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two
points in the world
11. • Smooth handoff across heterogeneous
networks
• Seamless connectivity and global roaming
across multiple networks
• Interoperability with existing wireless
standards and
11
12. 12
Generation Overview
Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G
First design 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000
Implementa
tion
1982 1991 1999 2002 2010?
Service Analog
voice
Digital
voice, SMS
Packaged
data
Broadband
data up to
2 mb/s
IP-oriented
unlimited
multimedia
data
Standards AMPS TDMA,
CDMA,
GSM
GPRS,
EDGE
W-CDMA,
HSOPA
WiMAX,
HSOPA
Data
bandwidth
1.9 kbps 14.4 kbps 384 kbps 2 mbps 200 mbps
12
13. 13
Comparisons of 4G with 3G Mobile Technologies
Major requirement
3G (Including 2.5G
4G
driving architectu
, Sub3G)
re
Predominantly voice drive
n; data was always add on
Converged data and voice
over IP
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid: Integration of
wireless LAN (WiFi,
Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile
mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or
continent (1800‐
Higher frequency bands (2-
8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
14. 14
Major requirement dr
iving architecture
3G (Including 2.5G,
Sub3G)
4G
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetize
d voice
Access Technologies W-CDMA OFDM and MC-CDMA
(Multi Carrier
CDMA)
Component Design Optimized antenna desig
n, multi-band adapters
Smarter Antennas, softw
are multiband and wideb
and radios
IP A number of air link prot
ocols, including IP 5.0
All IP (IPv6)
Standard WCDMA, CDMA2000 Single Standard
Multiplexing CDMA CDMA
Core Network Packet Network Internet
15. 15
Principal Technologies
• Base band techniques
– OFDMA: To exploit the frequency selective
channel property
– MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency
• Adaptive radio interface
• Modulation, spatial processing including multi-antenna
and multi-user MIMO
16. 16
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
• Transmission technique based
on FDM
• In FDM
– Multiple signals are sent
out at the same time, but on
different frequencies
• In OFDMA
– A single transmitter
transmits on many different
orthogonal (independent)
frequencies (typically
dozens to thousands)
– Frequencies closely spaced
– Each only has room for
Narrowband signal
17. 17
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
(OFDM)
Advantage of OFDM
• High spectrum efficiency
• Resistance against multipath
interference
• Ease of filtering out noise
• Combining OFDM technique
with other techniques
(possible to achieve more
advantages e.g. MC-CDMA)
Disadvantage of OFDM
• Suffers from time-variations in
the channel : severely degrades
performance
• Circuitry must be very linear
18. 18
Components – IPV6
• In the context of 4G, IPv6 support is essential in order
to support a large number of wireless-enabled devices.
• By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6
removes the need for Network Address Translation
(NAT).
• IPv6 also enables a number of applications with better
multicast, security, and route optimization capabilities.
19. 19
Components - Advanced Antenna Systems
• Transmitting & receiving antennas
• Resolve problem of diminishing spectrum availability
• Doesn’t require increase power or additional
frequency
• Fix no. of beams that can be selected to follow
devices as it moves about
• Advantages:
– Increased capacity
– Increased range
– Less power use for transmission
– Reductions in handoff rate
– New services
– Increase security
20. 20
What is needed to Build 4G Networks of Future?
• Lower Price Points Only Slightly Higher than
Alternatives
• More Coordination Among Spectrum Regulators
Around the World
• More Academic Research
• Standardization of wireless networks
• A Voice-independent Business Justification Thinking
• Integration Across Different Network Topologies
• Non-disruptive or proper Implementation
21. 21
Applications
• E-commerce
• Business/Work
• Private Life
• Vehicular
• Public Place
• Entertainment
• Education
