2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Concept of biodiversity and its types
3. Distribution of biodiversity
4. Biodiversity and balance of nature
5. Benefits of biodiversity
6. Threats to biodiversity
7. Conservation of biodiversity

3.  The term biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen
in 1986. The variety of different types of life found on
earth is known as biodiversity. It refers to the genetic
variation ,ecosystem variation within an area ,biome or
planet.

5.  Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the
essential independence of all living things.
 As defined in convention on biological diversity signed at
Rio De Jenerio(Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries.
 According to IUCN in 1998, “the variety and variability
of species of their population , the variety of species of
their life forms , the diversity of the complex association of
species with their interactions and their ecological process
which influences perform.

6. There are 3 types of biodiversity :-
1. Diversity of species
2. Diversity of ecosystem
3. Diversity of genes

7. *Flora and Fauna depends on :-
1. Climate
2. Altitude
3. Soils
4. Presence of other species
*Most of the biodiversity concentrated in Tropical region
*Biodiversity Hotspots:-
1. A region with high biodiversity with most of species vary
endemic.
2. India have 2 biodiversity hotspots:-
East himalaya region and Western ghat

8.  Tropical level :- Elimination of species from tropic level
can cause destruction of ecosystem as well as biodiversity.
 Complex ecosystem :- In a complicated ecosystem having
several tropic levels , loss of one or more species do not
cause any serious problem because the alternative
available.
 Keystone species :- Loss of addition of species causes
detectable changes in ecosystem rates i.e. species make
unique contribution to ecosystem functioning

9. *Consumption value:-
1. food/drink
2. Fuel
3. Medicine
4. Better crop varieties
5. Industrial material
*Non-Consumption value:-
1. Recreation
2. Education and research
3. Traditional value

10. *Ecological services :-
1.Balance of nature
2. Biological productivity
3. Regulation of climate
4. Degradation of waste
5. Cleaning of air and water
6. Cycling of nutrients
7. Control of potential pest and disease causing pests
8. Detoxification of soil and sediments
9. Stabilization of land against erosion
10. Carbon sequestration and global climate change
11. Maintainence of soil fertility

11. *Natural causes:-
1. Narrow geographical area
2. Low population
3. Low breeding rate
4. Natural disasters
*Anthropogenic causes:-
1. Habitat modification
2. Overexploitation of selected species
3. Innovation by exotic species
4. Population
5. Hunting
6. Global warming and climate change
7. Agriculture
8. Domino effect

12.  Biodiversity inventories
 Conserving biodiversity in protected habitats:- In-Situ
conservation and Ex-Situ conservation
 Seed bank , gene bank ,pollen bank ,DNA bank
 Restoration of biodiversity
 Importing enviornmental education
 Enacting , strengthing and enforcing enviornmental legislation
 Population control
 Reviewing the agriculture practice
 Controlling utilization
 Conservation through biotechnology

13. THANK YOU