INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
DEFINITION
PROTEOMICS
FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS
PROTEOMICS SOFTWARE
PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS
TOOLS FOR PROTEOM ANALYSIS
DIFFERENTS METHODS FOR STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS
APLLICATIONS
LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSION
1. FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS
By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )
3. INTRODUCTION
Proteome is a relatively new term that defines the complete set of
proteins expressed during a cell’s entire lifetime. In a narrower
sense, it also describes the set of proteins expressed in a cell at a
given time.
Proteomics is the study of proteins that are generated from the genetic
code of an organism.
4. HISTORY
Marc Wilkins coined the term proteome in 1994 in
a symposium on "2D Electrophoresis: from protein
maps to genomes" held in Siena in Italy.
6. DEFINITION FUNCTIONAL
PROTEOMICS
The core of Functional Proteomics is the study of direct interactions
on the molecular scale.
So, either we detect interactions between;
Pairs of proteins {Binary Interactions}, or
Multiple proteins of a complex {Complex Interactions}
7. PROTEOMICS SOFTWARE
Proteomics software provides scientists with the
ability to conduct database searches of known
protein sequences utilizing batch or real time
processing.
8. PROTEOME ANALYSIS
There are five main steps in proteome analysis:
1. Sample collection, handling and storage.
2. Separation of individual proteins by 2-D polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (2-D PAGE).
3. Identification by mass spectrometry or N-terminal sequencing of
individual proteins recovered from the gel.
4. Protein characterization.
5. Storage, manipulation, and comparison of data using
bioinformatics.
9. TOOLS FOR PROTEOME ANALYSIS
DNA microarray technology can be used to this because
mRNA and protein concentrations are often correlated.
It can measure even poorly expressed genes, ensuring a
comprehensive assessment of which genes are expressed in
which tissue
Microarrays
12. DIFFERENT METHODS FOR ANALYSIS
OF FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS
Based on the theory that protein domains are structurally and
functionally independent units that can operate either as
discrete polypeptides or as part of the same polypeptide chain.
13. 2. Conservation of gene position
Genes of related function are often adjacent in the genome-
especially in prokaryotic operons. Besides co-transcription
regulation, this is also likely to be an effects of horizontal
transfer-probability of co- transfer is higher for linked
genes, so linkage of interacting proteins is useful if
horizontal transfer rates are appreciable.
14. 3.Phylogenetic Profiling Method
For instance, the conservation of 3 or 4 uncharacterized
genes in 20 aerobic bacteria and their absence in 20
anaerobic bacteria might indicate that their products
are required for aerobic metabolism.
15. 4.Affinity Based Biochemical Method
In this, prot X is immobilized on a Sephadex matrix,
and a complex mixture of proteins is passed through
the column under controlled conditions.
17. 6.Physical Methods
Many methods of PI studies, exploits the principle of physics, like
XRD and NMR.
They generate data about the relative spacing of atoms, and high
resolution models of proteins, protein complexes and proteins
interacting with various ligands and cofactors.
22. Lack of general
techniques for
absolute quatitation
of proteins
COMPLEXITY- some
proteins have > 1000
variants
Limited throughput of
todays proteomic
platforms
Need for a general
technology for
targeted manipulation
of gene expression
LIMITATIONS