ppt about automatic railway control using magnetic sensors

1. AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL
Under the guidance of
Mr.P.V.V.Satyanarayana(Assistant Professor)
Sri Vasavi Engineering College
Presented by
M.Anand Sai Kumar
M.Tej Indra
K.Dinesh Kumar

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & WORKING
 APPLICATIONS
 RESULT
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE SCOPE
 REFERENCE
 QUIRIES

3. INTRODUCTION
 The main aim of the project is to establish automatic railway gates
in place of existing manual railway gates, to reduce maintenance
expenditure, human mistakes, and accidents.
 It is a low cost, maintenance free so that the concept is
implemented by using an AT c52series micro controller.
 Here we established a railway gate moving towards top and bottom
directions with the help of a 12V bi-directional linear DC motor,
controlled by micro controller according to the firmware written in
internal flash memory

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
VCC
VCC
VCC+12v
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
TRANSFORMER
1 5
6
4 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4007
33p
+
100/16
AT89C52
9
18
19
20
29
30
31
401
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32RST
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
PSEN
ALE/PROG
EA/VPP
VCCP1.0/T2
P1.1/T2-EX
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0/A8
P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INT0
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD
P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7
11.0592
33p
4007
L7805
1
3
2
VIN
GND
VOUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
1000/25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
In Sensor
1 2
Out Sensor
1 2
Gate Sensor
1 2
104p
+
10/16
8.2K
ULN2003
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
8
1B
2B
3B
4B
5B
6B
7B
1C
2C
3C
4C
5C
6C
7C
COM
GATE CLOSING MOTOR
1 2
RESISTOR
Green LED
4148
BC547
RESISTOR
BC547
Red LED
4148
BC547
4148
RESISTOR
AC230V
BC557 BC557
B Buzzer
Power Supply
Output LED`s
and Buzzer
Motor Driver and Gate Closing Motor
Logic &
Controlling
Section
Sensors

5. TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is a electromagnetic device which
induces the voltage due to magnetic field present
between primary and secondary windings.
 It has two windings called as primary winding and
secondary winding. We are giving input 230v
input voltage at primary side. The output of
transformer is 12v(ac only).
 In this project we are using 12v step down
transformer.

6. RECTIFIER
Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have
two types of rectifier.
o Full wave rectifier
o Half wave rectifier
o In this project we are using Full wave rectifier
because the efficiency of the Full wave rectifier is
high compare to Half wave rectifier.

7. FILTER
 The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some
ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this ripple
components which are present in output we are using filter.
 Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present
in rectified output.

8. REGULATOR
 The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will
varies according to changes in input but we want
constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using
voltage regulator.
 Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain
constant output irrespective of changes in input.

9. FEATURES
o Compatible with MC C-52 Products.
o 8K Bytes of In-System
Reprogrammable Flash Memory.
o Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase
Cycles.
o Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24
MHz.
o Three-level Program Memory Lock.
o 256 x 8-Bit Internal RAM.
o 32 Programmable I/O Lines.
PIN DIAGRAM AND FEATURES OF MC-89C52

10. MAGNETIC SENSOR
 It is basically manufactured with magnetic materials two
contacts are normally opened when there is no external
magnetic field.
 If there is a small magnet near by the magnetic sensor
makes the contacts to be short circuited this connected
to the Opto- isolator. The output of Opto-isolator
connected to the input port of microcontroller.

11. APPLICATIONS
oThis circuit can be used in railways near Railway gate.
oThis can be also used in safe rooms in banks and also in car parking
areas .
oThis can be used in security areas like military and also in own
apartments.

12. Result
The project “Automatic Railway Gate control using magnetic
sensors” was designed such that the devices are controlled based
on Microcontroller and Magnetic sensor used as inputs. These
sensors are capable of sensing the field of magnetic sensor and
operate the output devices like linear motor.
ON Condition OFF Condition

13. FUTURE SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT
 By using this project, we can save man power.
 Here, there is no need of man. The circuit itself checks the
presence of vehicle and automatically closes the gate by rising
an alarm. Once we switch on the circuit, it automatically
performs all these actions without man handling.
• It is the most advantage of this project. For this reason,in
future, this project may be used in railways and also in
apartments, military,etc.