Hire 💕 9907093804 Hooghly Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency
Approaches to counseling
1. APPROACHES TO COUNSELING
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH-
THE PROCESS, GOALS AND SPECIFIC
TECHNIQUES – FREE
ASSOCIATION, INTERPRETATION,
TRANSFERENCE ANALYSIS,
DREAM ANALYSIS, WORKING THROUGH.
2. INTRODUCTION
Psychoanalytic therapy is a form of talking
therapy based on the theories of Sigmund
Freud.
The approach explores how the unconscious
mind influences thoughts and behaviours.
3. Psychoanalytic therapy typically looks at the
client’s experiences of early childhood, to see if
any events have had particular impact on their live,
or contributed in some way to current concerns.
This form of therapy is considered a long-term
choice, and sessions can continue for weeks,
months or even years, depending on the depth of
the concern being explored.
4. In this type of therapy, it is believed that our
unconscious feelings and certain childhood events
play a key role in mental distress.
Psychoanalyst helps in examining how the past is
impacting the present.
The goal of psychoanalysis varies according to the
client, but they focus mainly on personal
adjustment
5. The goal of psychoanalysis is to enable the
person to deal with the unconscious urges in a
realistic and mature manner.
The specific techniques used in psychoanalysis
are : Free Association, , Dream Analysis
Interpretation, Analysis & Interpretation of
dreams, Analysis of Transference, Counter
Transference, Working Through
6. FREE ASSOCIATION
Free association is a technique used in
psychoanalytic therapy to help patients learn
more about what they are thinking and feeling.
7. Freud used free association to help his patients
discover unconscious thoughts and feelings that
had been repressed or ignored.
When his patients became aware of these
unconscious thoughts or feelings, they were
better able to manage them or change
problematic behaviours.
8. Free association is typically performed in a
therapy setting by first having the patient
get into a relaxed position (sitting or lying
down).
It can be done with the eyes open or closed;
although, most people find closing their eyes
helpful to avoid surrounding distractions.
9. The person then begins to talk, saying the first
things that come to mind. There is no effort made
to tell a linear story or shape the ideas that come
to mind.
The person spontaneously says his or her first
thoughts without any concern for how painful,
silly or illogical it might sound to the therapist
10. The therapist is listening to the patient's free
association and trying to identify what, if any,
thoughts or feelings might be repressed.
Bringing these repressed feelings or thoughts to
the surface might help the patient better
understand the conflict they are experiencing.
11. The previously unconscious thoughts and
feelings become conscious as they are
discussed. This new awareness can be used to
make deliberate changes in behaviour.
12. DREAM ANALYSIS
Sigmund Freud viewed dreams as “the royal
road” to the unconscious and developed dream
analysis, or dream interpretation, as a way of
tapping into this unconscious material.
13. In psychoanalytic theory, dreams represent wish
fulfilment, unconscious desires, and conflicts.
Dreams contain both manifest and latent content.
Manifest content includes information from the
dream as the dreamer remembers it
14. Latent content represents the repressed,
symbolic meaning embedded within the dream.
During dream analysis, the person in therapy
shares the manifest content of the dream with the
therapist.
After specific symbols are pulled from the
manifest content, the therapist utilizes free
association to facilitate the exploration of
repressed material.
15. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
RESISTANCE
Anything which works against the progress of
therapy and prevents the client to produce
unconscious material is called Resistance.
Freud viewed resistance as an unconscious
dynamic that people used to defend against the
anxiety and pain that would arise if they become
aware of their repressed feelings.
16. Resistance is a defence against anxiety that
prevents clients and therapist from succeeding in
their effort to gain insight into the dynamics of
the unconscious.
The therapist must respect the resistance of
clients and assist them in working therapeutically
with their defences. If the therapist handles it
properly It can be the most valuable tool to
understand the client.
18. Transference is a psychological phenomenon in
which an individual redirects emotions and
feelings, often unconsciously, from one person to
another.
In therapeutic setting It is the client’s response
to a counselor as if the counselor were some
significant figure in the client’s past, usually a
parent figure.
19. Transference is a displacement of attitudes and
feelings originally experienced in relationships
with persons onto the analyst.
Patients are not aware at a conscious level of the
displacement that has taken place.
This allows the client to experience feelings that
would otherwise be inaccessible.
20. This is ambivalent in nature which can be positive
(affectionate) as well as negative (hostile) towards the
Analyst.
In positive transference, the patient has confidence in
the doctor. If intense, the patient may over-idealise the
doctor or develop sexual feelings toward the doctor.
In negative transference, the patient may become
resentful or angry toward the doctor if the patient’s
desires and expectations are not realised.
21. COUNTERTRANSFERENCE
Counter transference is defined as redirection of
a psychotherapist's feelings toward a client – or,
more generally, as a therapist's emotional
entanglement with a client.
22. INTERPRETATION
It consists of the analyst’s pointing out, explaining
and teaching the client the meanings of behaviour
that is manifested in dreams, free associations,
and resistances.
When interpreting, the counselor helps the client
to understand the meaning of the past and
present personal events.
23. Interpretation is grounded in therapist’s
assessment of the client’s personality and of
the factors in the client’s past that contributed
to his difficulties.
24. WORKING THROUGH
In psychodynamic psychotherapy , working through is
seen as the process of repeating, elaborating, and
amplifying interpretations.
Working through consists of two phases: recognizing
resistances (insight) and overcoming resistances
(change).
