Stress is a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psycho social and/or behavioral response due to various factor that have to managed so that it may not lead into fatal psychiatric conditions

1. STRESS AND ITS
MANAGEMENT
Ms. Anu joy
Lecturer( mental health nursing dept.)

2. INTRODUCTION
Right from the time of the birth till the last
breath drawn, an individual is invariably
exposed to various stressful situations.
The modern world of achievement is also
a world of stress and has been called the
“Age of Anxiety and Stress”.

3. DEFINITIONS
• According to Lalita-
Stress may be defined as “a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or
psychosocial and/or behavioral response. It is a bodily or mental tension resulting from
the factors that tends to an existing equilibrium.”
• According to Rate Kumar Gupta-
Stress is defined as, ”the non-specific response of the body to any demand made
upon it.”
• According to Mary C Townsend-
“a state of disequilibrium that occurs when there is a disharmony between demands
occurring within an individual’s internal or external environment and his or her ability
to cope with those demands.”
• According to Seyle-
“The state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the non-
specifically syndrome which induced changes within a biological system.”

4. TYPES OF STRESS STRESSORS
DISTRESS EUSTRESS EXTERNAL INTERNAL
PERSONAL LIFESTYLE
PERSONALITY
INDIVIDUAL THOUGHT
PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT
SOCIAL INTERACTION
LIFE EVENTS

6. SYMPTOMS

7. PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO STRESS
“General Adaptation Syndrome” was a research on psychological responses to
stress by HANS SEYLE(1986).he described reaction in 3 distinct stages…
Alarm reaction stage
Stage of resistance
Stage of exhaustion

8. STRESS AS A BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
The human body response in two way:
The acute stress response (also known as SYMPATHY ADRENO MEDULLARY
PATHWAY-SAM)
The chronic stress response (also known as the HYPOTHALMO PITUITARY ADRENAL
PATHWAY-HPA)

9. SYMPATHY ADRENAL MEDULLARY PATHWAY
Stress perceived by the
hypothalmus
Readies the body for fight or
flight
Nerves of the
sympathetic nervous
system
Stimulate organs
(e.g heart,lungs,liver,pupil,and
digestive system
Releases adrenaline
Adrenal medulla

10. HYPOTHALMO PITUITARY ADRENAL PATHWAY(HPA)
Stress perceived by the hypothalamus
Releases CRF
(corticotrophin releasing factors)
Pituitary gland
Releases ACTH
(adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
Adrenal cortex
Releases corticosteroids
(including cortisol)
Stress effects on body
(e.g raised B.P, raised heart rate, reduced blood clotting time etc.)

11. STRESS AS AN ENVIRONMENT EVENTS
LIGHT
TEMPRATUREEFFECT OF WIND ON BEHAVIOUR
NOISE

12. STRESS MANAGEMENT
CHANGE THE SITUATIONS CHANGE YOUR REACTION
Avoid The Stressor
After The Stressor Accept The Stressors
Adapt The Stressor