This helps you to know the advance technology of automotive.
The Engine operations are managed and controlled electronics in terms of proper mixing controlling distribution and injecting or igniting of air and fuel mixture to achieve high performance, low emission intelligent engine.
2. Introduction
The Engine operations are managed and controlled
electronics in terms of proper mixing controlling distribution
and injecting or igniting of air and fuel mixture to achieve high
performance, low emission intelligent engine.
The principal aim of an Engine manufacturing is to
achieve:
Higher output Torque, Reliability, durability.
Low fuel consumption, Emission, Noise, Vibration.
Better and safer Automotive Engine.
3. Engine Control Unit (ECU)
In the Automobile an Engine Control Unit (ECU) is a 32/64bit
40MHz embedded pre-programmed micro computer to process and
compare the constantly varying input data, programmed instructions
stored in the memory and calculate the revised output pulsed
signals offer getting information from different sensors. It performs
millions of calculations each second.
4. Sensor
A device which detects or measures a physical property and
records, indicates or otherwise responds to it. In this sensor
detects the correct amount of fuel for every operating
condition, the engine control unit has to monitor a huge
number of input sensors.
5. Types of Sensors
• Intake Air Sensor (IAT)
• Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
• Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF)
• Idle Air Controlled Sensor (IAC)
• Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
• Crankshaft Position Sensor (CPS)
• Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)
• Oxygen sensor
• Knocking sensor
• Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
• Engine Speed Sensor (ESS)
• Engine Oil Sensor (EOS)
6. Intake Air Sensor (IAT)
This sensor is used to measure the temperature of the
incoming air in the engines air stream. It is usually located in
air filter box or pipe that is attached to the air filter box. Its
function is to detects temperature of in coming air.
7. Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
This sensor measures air pressure which tells ECM the current
altitude of a vehicle. It is bolted on the intake manifold or linked
with a vacuum pipe from intake manifold.
8. Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF)
This type of sensor measures the volume of air entering into
engine. It produces more current to keep temperature required
by the manufacturer, it is located on air cleaner box.
9. Idle Air Controller (IAC)
It works for keeping rpm of engine steady, it is an actuator not
a sensor. It increases the rpm of car until the coolant
temperature sensor indicates the high engine temperature .
10. Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
It is an electromagnetic sensor which produces voltage when a
metal object moves past it. The sensor contacts with ECM for
position of camshaft, it is fixed at the end of camshaft.
11. Crankshaft Position Sensor (CPS)
It works to locate the exact position of crank shaft & to show
rpm of engine. It is located at the bottom of engine & closed to
crank shaft
12. Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)
This sensor is linked with accelerator pedal and the throttle
body, sends information about injector pulse width & spark
timing. It is located in throttle body and it is not washable nor
repairable.
13. Oxygen Sensor
It can detect the oxygen content so as to know about fuel
amount consumed by the engine. There are two types of
oxygen sensors, one is zirconia and another one is titania.
14. Knock Sensor
This sensor contains a crystal & the crystal detects
mechanical stress and produces a voltage when the car
knocks. It also allows different grade fuel without any type of
engine problem & it is fixed in engine body.
15. Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
This sensor tells the current temperature of coolant present in
the engine. It is located at the bottom or top of the radiator
towards engine block.
16. Engine Speed Sensor (ESS)
This sensor is used for monitoring the engine speed. In other
words, it is meant for assessing the speed at which the
crankshaft spins. It is attached to the crankshaft of the engine.
17. Engine Oil Sensor
It measures the oil pressure inside the engine and gives an
alert in case of any problem with oil pressure. It also sense the
level of oil ,its contamination, particulates, viscosity and
temperature.
18. Future Sensors
Vehicle fitted with sensors that can detect potential collision
and take action.
Nobody will killed or injured in a new cars by 2020
No dearth car vehicle which drive themselves and totally
crash proof could be on road.
Sensors are every time sensitive and share information very
fast hence, having a good sensor results in better and safer
automobiles.
